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Thursday, August 5, 2010

ATM A COMPLETE GUIDE

   ATM   
(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) A network technology for both local and wide area networks (LANs and WANs) that supports realtime voice and video as well as data. The topology uses switches that establish a logical circuit from end to end, which guarantees quality of service (QoS). However, unlike telephone switches that dedicate circuits end to end, unused bandwidth in ATM's logical circuits can be appropriated when needed. For example, idle bandwidth in a videoconference circuit can be used to transfer data.
ATM is widely used as a backbone technology in carrier networks and large enterprises, but never became popular as a local network (LAN) topology (see below). ATM is highly scalable and supports transmission speeds of 1.5, 25, 100, 155, 622, 2488 and 9953 Mbps ). ATM is also running as slow as 9.6 Kbps between ships at sea. An ATM switch can be added into the middle of a switch fabric to enhance total capacity, and the new switch is automatically updated using ATM's PNNI routing protocol.
    Cell Switching   

ATM works by transmitting all traffic as fixed-length, 53-byte cells. This fixed unit allows very fast switches to be built, because it is much faster to process a known packet size than to figure out the start and end of variable length packets. The small ATM packet also ensures that voice and video can be inserted into the stream often enough for realtime transmission.
ATM works at layer 2 of the OSI model and typically uses SONET (OC-3, OC-12, etc.) for framing and error correction out over the wire. ATM switches convert cells to SONET frames and frames to cells at the port interface.
    Quality of Service (QoS)   

The ability to specify a quality of service is one of ATM's most important features, allowing voice and video to be transmitted smoothly. The following levels of service are available:
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) guarantees bandwidth for realtime voice and video.
Realtime variable Bit Rate (rt-VBR) supports interactive multimedia that requires minimal delays, and non-realtime variable bit rate (nrt-VBR) is used for bursty transaction traffic.
Available Bit Rate (ABR) adjusts bandwidth according to congestion levels for LAN traffic.
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) provides a best effort for non-critical data such as file transfers.
     MPOA and LANE   

MPOA (Multiprotocol Over ATM) is used to route protocols such as TCP/IP and IPX while preserving ATM quality of service. LANE (LAN Emulation) is used to interconnect Ethernet and Token Ring LANs by encapsulating their frames in LANE packets and converting them into ATM cells. MPOA route servers or traditional routers are used to internetwork LAN segments. .
    History of ATM   

When ATM came on the scene in the early 1990s, it was thought to be the beginning of a new era in networking, because it was both a LAN and WAN technology that could start at the desktop and go straight through to the remote office. Its ability to provide quality of service from end to end was highly praised as the perfect multimedia transport. In addition, ATM came from the telephone world, which had always delivered the highest quality communications.
    It Never Happened   

ATM never became the magic end-to-end solution. ATM adapters for the desktop were expensive, and standards for interconnecting existing networks to an ATM backbone were confusing and often delayed. When Gigabit Ethernet was announced, providing a 10-fold increase in speed and using a familiar technology, ATM's demise in the LAN arena was assured.
    A Carrier's Transport   

ATM succeeded in the carriers' networks, being deployed by major telephone companies and ISPs and sizable private enterprises. It was always installed for mission critical backbones because of its quality of service (QoS).
ATM in the Enterprise
This shows how ATM is used as a network backbone or "switch fabric" within the enterprise. The edge device is an Ethernet workgroup switch with a high-speed ATM link. It converts LAN packets into ATM cells and vice versa.


ATM in the Internet
ATM is widely used by large carriers and ISPs. It serves as the backbone between points of presence (POPs), and it is also used at the NAP and MAE interconnecting points.
Where ATM Fits In
ATM performs its functions at layer 2 of the OSI model and converts its cells into SONET frames (OC-3, OC-12, etc.) or T-carrier frames (DS1, DS3) to go out over the wire.
ATM Switch
ATM switches such as this are used in large networks, including Internet backbones. This model has a 40 Gbps backplane that supports 16 OC-48 (2.4 Gbps) ports. (Image courtesy of Marconi Communications.)


 
    Asynchronous Transfer Mode      from the WikiPedia
Asynchronous Transfer Mode, or ATM for short, is a which encodes data traffic into small fixed-sized (53 byte; 48 bytes of data and 5 bytes of header information) cells instead of variable sized packets as in (such as the or ). It is a technology, in which a connection is established between the two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins.

Introduction

ATM was intended to provide a single unified networking standard that could support both channel networking (, ) and packet-based networking (, , etc), whilst supporting multiple levels of for packet traffic.
ATM sought to resolve the conflict between networks and networks by mapping both bitstreams and packet-streams onto a stream of small fixed-size 'cells' tagged with identifiers. The cells are typically sent on demand within a synchronous time-slot pattern in a synchronous bit-stream: what is asynchronous here is the sending of the cells, not the low-level bitstream that carries them.
In its original conception, ATM was to be the enabling technology of the 'Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network' () that would replace the existing . The full suite of ATM standards provides definitions for (physical connections), (data link layer) and (network) of the classical . The ATM standards drew on concepts from the telecommunications community, rather than the computer networking community. For this reason, extensive provision was made for integration of most existing technologies and conventions into ATM.
As a result, ATM provides a highly complex technology, with features intended for applications ranging from global telco networks to private local area computer networks. ATM has been a partial success as a technology, with widespread deployment, but generally only used as a transport for IP traffic; its goal of providing a single integrated technology for LANs, public networks, and user services has largely failed.

Successes and Failures of ATM Technology

Numerous have implemented wide-area ATM networks, and many implementations use ATM. However, ATM has failed to gain wide use as a technology, and its great complexity has held back its full deployment as the single integrating network technology in the way that its inventors originally intended.
Many people, particularly in the Internet protocol-design community, considered this vision to be mistaken. Their argument went something like this: We know that there will always be both brand-new and obsolescent link-layer technologies, particularly in the LAN area, and it is fair to assume that not all of them will fit neatly into the model that ATM was designed for. Therefore, some sort of protocol is needed to provide a unifying layer over both ATM and non-ATM link layers, and ATM itself cannot fill that role. Conveniently, we have this protocol called "IP" which already does that. Ergo, there is no point in implementing ATM at the network layer.
In addition, the need for cells to reduce jitter has disappeared as transport speeds increased (see below), and improvements in have made the integration of speech and data possible at the IP layer, again removing the incentive for ubiquitous deployment of ATM. Most telcos are now planning to integrate their voice network activities into their IP networks, rather than vice versa..
Many technically sound ideas from ATM were adopted by , a generic packet switching protocol. ATM remains widely deployed, and is used as a service in networks, where its compromises fit DSL's low-data-rate needs well. In turn, DSL networks support IP (and IP services such as VoIP) via.
ATM will remain deployed for some time in higher-speed interconnects where carriers have already committed themselves to existing ATM deployments; ATM is used here as a way of unifying /SDH traffic and packet-switched traffic under a single infrastructure.
However, ATM is increasingly challenged by speed and traffic shaping requirements of converged networks. In particular, the complexity of imposes a performance bottleneck, as the fastest SARs known run at 2.5 Gbit/s and have limited traffic shaping capabilities.
Currently it seems like implementations (10Gbit-Ethernet, MetroEthernet) will replace ATM in many locations. Enables convergence of Voice, Video, Data on one network

Recent Developments

Interest in using native ATM for carrying live video and audio has increased recently. In these environments, low latency and very high quality of service are required to handle linear audio and video streams. Towards this goal standards are being developed such as (). Compare with .

ATM Concepts

Why Cells?

The motivation for the use of small data cells was the reduction of (delay variance, in this case) in the multiplexing of data streams; reduction of this (and also end-to-end round-trip delays) is particularly important when carrying voice traffic.
This is because the conversion of digitized voice back into an analog audio signal is an inherently process, and to do a good job, the that does this needs an evenly spaced (in time) stream of data items. If the next data item is not available when it is needed, the codec has no choice but to produce silence - and if the data does arrive, but late, it is useless, because the time period when it should have been converted to a signal has already passed.
Now consider a speech signal reduced to packets, and forced to share a link with bursty data traffic (i.e. some of the data packets will be large). No matter how small the speech packets could be made, they would always encounter full-size data packets, and under normal queuing conditions, might experience maximum queuing delays.
At the time ATM was designed, 155 Mbit/s (135 Mbit/s payload) was considered a fast optical network link, and many links in the digital network were considerably slower, ranging from 1.544 to 45 Mbit/s in the USA (2 to 34 Mbit/s in Europe).
At this rate, a typical full-length 1500 byte (12000 bit) data packet would take 89 to transmit. In a lower-speed link, such as a 1.544 Mbit/s T1 link, a 1500 byte packet would take up to 7.8 milliseconds.
A queueing delay induced by several such data packets might be several times the figure of 7.8 ms, in addition to any packet generation delay in the shorter speech packet. This was clearly unacceptable for speech traffic, which needs to have low jitter in the data stream being fed into the codec if it is to produce good-quality sound. A packet voice system can produce this in one of two ways:
  • Have a playback buffer between the network and the codec, one large enough to tide the codec over almost all the jitter in the data. This allows smoothing out the jitter, but the delay introduced by passage through the buffer would be such that echo cancellers would be required even in local networks; this was considered too expensive at the time. Also, it would have increased the delay across the channel, and human conversational mechanisms tend not to work well with high-delay channels.
  • Build a system which can inherently provide low jitter (and low overall delay) to traffic which needs it.
  • Operate on a 1:1 user basis (i.e., a dedicated pipe).
The latter was the solution adopted by ATM. However, to be able to provide short queueing delays, but also be able to carry large datagrams, it had to have cells. ATM broke all packets, data and voice streams up into 48-byte chunks, adding a 5-byte routing header to each one so that they could be reassembled later. It multiplexed these 53-byte cells instead of packets. Doing so reduced the worst-case queuing jitter by a factor of almost 30, removing the need for echo cancellers.

Cells In Practice

The rules for segmenting and reassembling packets and streams into cells are known as . The most important two are AAL 1, used for streams, and , used for most types of packets. Which AAL is in use for a given cell is not encoded in the cell. Instead, it is negotiated by or configured at the endpoints on a per-virtual-connection basis.
Since ATM was designed, networks have become much faster. As of 2001, a 1500 byte (12000 bit) full-size Ethernet packet will take only 1.2 µs to transmit on a 10 Gbit/s optical network, removing the need for small cells to reduce jitter. Some consider that this removes the need for ATM in the network backbone. Additionally, the hardware for implementing the service adaptation for IP packets is expensive at very high speeds. Specifically, the cost of segmentation and reassembly (SAR) hardware at and above speeds makes ATM less competitive for IP than (POS). SAR performance limits mean that the fastest IP router ATM interfaces are OC12 - OC48 (STM4 - STM16), while (as of 2004) POS can operate at OC-192 (STM64) with higher speeds expected in the future.
On slow links (2 Mbit/s and below) ATM still makes sense, and this is why so many ADSL systems use ATM as an intermediate layer between the physical link layer and a Layer 2 protocol like PPP or Ethernet.
At these lower speeds, ATM's ability to carry multiple logical circuits on a single physical or virtual medium provides a compelling business advantage. DSL can be used as an access method for an ATM network, allowing a DSL termination point in a telephone central office to connect to many internet service providers across a wide-area ATM network. In the United States, at least, this has allowed DSL providers to provide DSL access to the customers of many internet service providers. Since one DSL termination point can support multiple ISPs, the economic feasibility of DSL is substantially improved.

Why Virtual Circuits?

ATM is a channel based transport layer. This is encompassed in the concept of the Virtual Path (VP) and Virtual Circuit (VC). Every ATM cell has an 8- or 12-bit Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and 16-bit Virtual Circuit Identifer (VCI) pair defined in its header. The length of the VPI varies according to whether the cell is sent on the user-network interface (on the edge of the network), or if it is sent on the network-network interface (inside the network).
As these cells traverse an ATM network, switching is achieved by changing the VPI/VCI values. Although the VPI/VCI values are not necessarily consistent from one end of the connection to the other, the concept of a circuit is consistent (unlike IP, where any given packet could get to its destination by a different route than the others).
Another advantage of the use of virtual circuits is the ability to use them as a multiplexing layer, allowing different services (such as voice, , n*64 channels, IP, , etc.) to share a common ATM connection without interfering with one another.

Using Cells and Virtual Circuits For Traffic Engineering

Another key ATM concept is that of the traffic contract. When an ATM circuit is set up each switch is informed of the traffic class of the connection.
ATM traffic contracts are part of the mechanism by which "" (QoS) is ensured. There are three basic types (and several variants) which each have a set of parameters describing the connection.
  • CBR - Constant bit rate: you specify a Peak Cell Rate (PCR) which is what you get
  • VBR - Variable bit rate: you specify an average cell rate which can peak at a certain level for a maximum time.
  • ABR - Available bit rate: you specify a minimum rate which is guaranteed
  • UBR - Unspecified bit rate: you get whatever is left after all other traffic has had its bandwidth
VBR has and non-real-time variants and is used for "bursty" traffic.
Most traffic classes also introduce the concept of Cell Delay Variation Time (CDVT) which defines the "clumping" of cells in time.
Traffic contracts are usually maintained by the use of "Shaping", a combination of queuing and marking of cells, and enforced by "Policing".

Traffic Shaping

is usually done at the entry point to an ATM network and attempts to ensure that the cell flow will meet its traffic contract.

Traffic Policing

To maintain network performance it is possible to police virtual circuits against their traffic contracts. If a circuit is exceeding its traffic contract the network can either drop the cells or mark the Cell Loss Priority (CLP) bit, to identify a cell as discardable further down the line. Basic policing works on a cell by cell basis but this is sub-optimal for encapsulated packet traffic as discarding a single cell will invalidate the whole packet anyway. As a result schemes such as Partial Packet Discard (PPD) and Early Packet Discard (EPD) have been created that will discard a whole series of cells until the next frame starts. This reduces the number of redundant cells in the network saving bandwidth for full frames. EPD and PPD work with AAL5 connections as they use the frame end bit to detect the end of packets.

Types of Virtual Circuits and Paths

Virtual circuits and virtual paths can be built statically or dynamically. Static circuits (permanent virtual circuits or PVCs) or paths (permanent virtual paths or PVPs) require that the provisioner must build the circuit as a series of segments, one for each pair of interfaces through which it passes.
PVPs and PVCs are conceptually simple, but require significant effort in large networks. They also do not support the re-routing of service in the event of a failure. Dynamically built PVPs (soft PVPs or SPVPs) and PVCs (soft PVCs or SPVCs), in contrast, are built by specifying the characteristics of the circuit (the service "contract") and the two endpoints.
Finally, switched virtual circuits (SVCs) are built and torn down on demand when requested by an end piece of equipment. One application for SVCs is to carry individual telephone calls when a network of telephone switches are inter-connected by ATM. SVCs were also used in attempts to replace local area networks with ATM.

Virtual Circuit Routing and Call Admission

Most ATM networks supporting SPVPs, SPVCs, and SVCs use the Private Network Node Interface or Private Network-to-Network Interface (PNNI) protocol. PNNI uses the same shortest path first algorithm used by and to route IP packets to share topology information between switches and select a route through a network. PNNI also includes a very powerful summarization mechanism to allow construction of very large networks, as well as a call admission control (CAC) algorithm that determines whether sufficient bandwidth is available on a proposed route through a network to satisfy the service requirements of a VC or VP.

Structure of An ATM Cell

An ATM cell consists of a 5 byte header and a 48 byte payload. The payload size of 48 bytes was a compromise between the needs of voice telephony and packet networks, obtained by a simple averaging of the US proposal of 64 bytes and European proposal of 32, said by some to be motivated by a European desire not to need echo-cancellers on national trunks.
ATM defines two different cell formats: NNI (Network-network interface) and UNI (User-network interface). Most ATM links use UNI cell format.
Diagram of the UNI ATM Cell
7

43

0
GFCVPI
VPIVCI
VCI
VCIPTCLP
HEC




Payload (48 bytes)


Diagram of the NNI ATM Cell
7

43

0
VPI
VPIVCI
VCI
VCIPTCLP
HEC




Payload (48 bytes)



GFC = Generic Flow Control (4 bits) (default: 4-zero bits)
VPI = Virtual Path Identifier (8 bits UNI) or (12 bits NNI)
VCI = Virtual Channel Identifier (16 bits)
PT = Payload Type (3 bits)
CLP = Cell Loss Priority (1 bit)
HEC = (8bits) (checksum of header only)
The PT field is used to designate various special kinds of cells for Operation and Management (OAM) purposes, and to delineate packet boundaries in some AALs.
Several of ATM's link protocols use the HEC field to drive a algorithm which allows the position of the ATM cells to be found with no overhead required beyond what is otherwise needed for header protection.
In a UNI cell the GFC field is reserved for an (as yet undefined) local flow control/submultiplexing system between network and user. All four GFC bits must be zero by default.
The NNI cell format is almost identical to the UNI format, except that the 4 bit GFC field is re-allocated to the VPI field, extending the VPI to 12 bits. Thus, a single NNI ATM interconnection is capable of addressing almost 212 VPs of up to almost 212 VCs each (in practice some of the VP and VC numbers are reserved).



LANE (LAN Emulation)
MPOA (Multiprotocol over ATM)
PNNI (Private Network-Network Interface)
IP Over ATM
Frame Relay and ATM, FUNI, DXI, etc.
Voice and Telephony Over ATM (VTOA)
Cells in Frames (CIF)
ATM Inverse Multiplexing
ATM over ADSL
ATM Testing
ATM Products, Components, and Software
Related Information
FAQs
Cell Relay FAQ - Table of Contents
Useful FAQ especially TOPIC D - ATM Technology Questions.

Acronyms

For short explanation of acronyms use:

ATM Lexicon from 3Com
TheATMForum Acronym Handbook
ATM/CellRelayAcronyms
List of Acronyms from FORE

For longer definitions use:

Network Glossary from Cell Relay
Glossary of Terms from FORE

General Telecommunications - provides both acronyms and definitions

The Telecommunications Library

Switch Manufacturers

3Com
HomePage
Main ATM Page
ATM Products
White Papers

Adtech, Inc.
HomePage
ATM Products

Agile Networks (Lucent subsidiary)
HomePage
ATM Products and Solutions
Lucent HomePage

Alcatel
HomePage
ATM Products

ATML (Advanced Telecommunications Modules Ltd.)
HomePage
ATML Products

Cabletron
HomePage
Main ATM Page

Cascade Communications Corp.
HomePage
ATM Products

Cisco
HomePage
ATM Solutions

Digital Equipment Corporation
HomePage
ATMswitch 900 Family

FORE Systems
HomePage
ATM Switches

General DataComm
HomePage
ATM Products

Hewlett Packard
HP Networking
ATM Switching

Lucent Technologies
Home Page

NEC
HomePage
ATM Switch

Nortel
HomePage
ATM switching

Olivetti Research Lab
HomePage
ATM switches

Siemens
Networks HomePage
Broadband Products

Tellabs, Inc.
HomePage

A Complete Nework Tools In d World With Reference

  Privacy Tools                                 

  Snoop Proof Email  

  • Aderes. Offers secure e-mail and Web browsing.
  • CenturionMail. A powerful, yet easy-to-use, security program for encrypting e-mails as well as files/folders.
  • CryptoAnywhere. Powerful encryption so small it fits on a floppy disk. Can be used virtually anywhere with no need for installation. Message recipient does not need CryptoAnywhere.
  • CryptoHeaven (see also under "secure instant messaging").
  • Cyber-Rights.Net. Secure Web-based email, offered by Cyber-Rights & Cyber-Liberties, a nonprofit civil liberties organization.
  • Ensuredmail. Easy-to-use encryption software that protects your email and attachments.
  • FastMail.
  • HushMail. Web-based secure email.
  • KeptPrivate. Web email client accessible over an SSL connection.
  • Mail2Web. Check your mail securely and privately on the road (or on your cellular phone).
  • MailVault. Provides free PGP-based Web e-mail.
  • Mute Mail. Anonymizing e-mail activites. Sending e-mails anonymously, securely and snoop-proff. All messages are encrypted. Sender's identity is confidential.
  • NeoCertified. Secure e-mail and messaging.
  • Neomailbox. Online privacy service provides private, anonymous, SSL encrypted IMAP, POP3, SMTP and Webmail access, secure anonymous Web browsing, choice of US or Netherlands hosted plans, spam and virus defenses, unlimited disposable e-mail addresses, and two-factor authentication for e-mail access with an optional hardware token.
  • S-Mail - Secure mail.
  • SafeMessage. Encrypted messages, delivery status, and automatic shredding.
  • Sec-Ex Mail. Strong encryption that works with any e-mail client, no plugins needed. Supports automatic key exchange.
  • SecureMail. For Bell South small business DSL customers.
  • Securenym. Provides outsourced secure e-mail to businesses as well as individual mail accounts, supports PGP & s/mime.
  • Sneakemail.com.
  • SoftClan E-Cryptor.
  • Stealth Message. Web-based e-mail privacy with option to self-destruct.
  • Z1 SecureMail Gateway. Acts as an SMTP proxy server which automatically encrypts, decrypts and signs e-mails as well as verifies e-mail signatures.
  • Zendit. Plug-in that makes it easy to use PGP with e-mail programs like Outlook, or with Web-based e-mail.

  Anonymous Remailers  

  Surf Anonymously   

  • All Confidential.
  • AnonymSurfen. (In German) List of free online web-based proxies that can be used directly from the site.
  • The Anonymizer.
  • beHidden.com. Provides users with a secure way to surf and browse the Internet, without others monitoring and recording the sites visited.
  • BrowserSpy. Provides detailed information about what your browser supports and reveals.
  • BrowsInfo. See what can be discovered about your browser.
  • The Cloak. Free anonymous web-surfing.
  • Cloudish.
  • Cotse.net. Also offers e-mail and Web hosting services, as well as links to other privacy tools.
  • CryptoTunnel VPN2GO. Also offers secure online communication.
  • Fogbank-now. Firewall-protected remote Internet browser. Also offers encrypted e-mail and other services.
  • Freedom WebSecure.
  • Guardster.
  • I Can See You. Program from anonymizer.com shows you the information your browser reveals. (NOTE: this program runs a Javascript file that may bring up a virus alert. The file is safe; however, if you experience any further problems, please contact the web administrators at anonymizer.com.)
  • IDzap. Anonymous surfing and web hosting.
  • JAP.
  • MERLETN.ORG. Also available in French.
  • MisterPrivacy.
  • Neomailbox.
  • Ponoi. Anonymous web-browsing, encrypted file storage, password storage, and cookie management.
  • Primedius. Anonymous surfing, secure email and secure online storage.
  • Privacy Analysis of your Internet Connection. Analyzes information that is collected about you when you visit a Web site, such as whether cookies are accepted, what site you linked to the page from, and the date and time as set on your computer.
  • ProxyPortal. Anonymous web surfing proxy that hides the user's IP and other personal information from the Web stie they're viewing.
  • Public Proxy Servers. A list of thousands of public proxy servers with online check capability.
  • Rewebber.
  • SpyNOT. Secures Javascript by re-writing it on-the-fly into a secure pseudo-script, retaining as much functionality in the Web page as possible.
  • Steganos Internet Anonym. Hides your IP address from Web operators. Also includes InternetTrace Destructor to delete all traces left on your hard disk after an Internet session.
  • Surfprivately.
  • SurfSecret Privacy Protector. Cache and cookie controls plus more; support for most browsers.
  • Tor. Anonymous web browsing, instant messaging, etc. Also allows users to offer "hidden" web servers and other services, even from behind firewalls.
  • W3Privacy. Also includes many other privacy resources.

  HTML Filters  

  • AOTop. Stops unwanted ad banners and pop-ups with a configurable ad-obfuscating tool for visual privacy protection.
  • Camera/Shy. Stand-alone browser that offers encryption and decryption of steganography, automatic cache and history clearing, and protection against malicious HTML.
  • InfoWorks Technology Company offers products to get rid of pop-ups, erase history, and others.
  • Internet Eraser.
  • Junkbuster (Windows/UNIX). The Internet Junkbuster Proxy blocks unwanted banner ads and protects your privacy from cookies and other threats.
  • Orangatango's VirtualBrowser. Surf privately, kill pop-up ads, prevent spam, encrypt surfing, filter content, and avoid online fraud.
  • PC Privacy Protection Program.
  • Peekabooty. A peer-to-peer application which can route web page requests around firewalls.
  • Personal Sentinel. Block third party cookies, remove privacy threats, filter unwanted content, and block unwanted ads.
  • Privoxy. A Web proxy with advanced filtering capabilities for protecting privacy, modifying web page content, managing cookies, controlling access, and removing ads, banners, pop-ups, etc.
  • Proxomitron (Windows). Get the web-surfing experience that you want.
  • Smasher (Windows). Block cookies and pop-up windows, squash web bugs, and more.
  • Surfer Protection Program.
  • SurfSecret Pop-Up Eliminator.
  • Wincognito Pop-Up Blocker.

  Cookie Busters  

  Voice Privacy  

   Email and File Privacy   

  • Anonymous Surfing, inc.
  • Crypto Kong. Digital signatures and encryption so simple that even the chairman of the board can use it.
  • CryptonWare. Encrypts TCP/IP communication such as e-mail, instant messaging, HTTP, FTP, e-commerce, IRC, telephony, and streaming audio/video.
  • Direct from Phil. Get the latest version of PGP from the original source.
  • Encryptionizer. File encryption (Windows).
  • GFI Mail Essentials for Exchange/ SMTP. Server based anti spam & email management solution for Microsoft Exchange Server, Lotus Notes, and SMTP/POP3 mail servers.
  • GnuPG – the GNU Privacy Guard.
  • Hacktivismo & Cult of the Dead Cow's "6/4". Primarily designed to bypass large scale firewalls and allow for the anonymous uploading and downloading of various protocols.
  • Icon Lock-iT. Encrypts, locks and password-protects files and folders.
  • Index Dat Spy. This free utility is a viewer that shows you what information Windows and Internet Explorer stores in its index.dat files. This information remains even after you have emptied your cache and deleted your history.
  • Keygloo. Webmail encryption tools, available for Gmail, Yahoo!, Hotmail, Lycos, Yahoo Briefcase, and Outlook Express.
  • Message Sentinel. Analyzes incoming e-mail and blocks privacy threats.
  • PC-encrypt. E-mail and File security for PC's operating Microsoft Windows software.
  • PeepLock offers products for file encryption, message encryption, and e-mail security.
  • Pretty Good Privacy (PGP). Protect privacy of electronic mail and files. Available for most machines.
  • Privacy Master. Keeps online and offline data safe from theives, hackers and prying eyes.
  • Private Eye. This free utility allows you to view all information stored in the area on your Windows machine known as Protected Storage. This includes all the information saved by IE if you enable the Auto Complete feature, as well as user names and passwords in plain text—even for secure sites. The registered/paid version also allows you to remove individual entries from the protected storage.
  • Steganos Security Suite. Encrypts and hides your data. Creates self-decrypting e-mails. Also includes Portable Safe and Internet Trace Destructor featuring XP Privacy, Password Manager and Data Shredder.
  • VaultletSuite. Secure, spam-free email, password storage and file encryption from just about anywhere. (Windows, Linux, OS X and Solaris)

   Secure Instant Messaging  

  • BitWise Chat. Encrypts not just messages, but also chat rooms and file transfers.
  • CryptoHeaven. Secure instant messaging, as well as secure e-mail, file sharing, and online storage.
  • Fire. A multi-protocol IM client for Mac OS X. Uses your existing PGP/GPG keys to encrypt all communication between you and the recipient.
  • Gale. Public-private key encrypted instant messaging software distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
  • Hush Messenger. Secure instant messaging for Hushmail users.
  • iGo Incognito. Instant Messaging system that ensures your privacy and security.
  • Project SCIM: Secure Cryptographic Instant Messaging. Runs on many different platforms.
  • PSST. Encrypted instant message software for Windows and Linux.
  • Secure Shuttle Transport. Encrypted instant messaging, FTP, text chat, voice chat, and more.
  • SecuriChat. Triple-layered preshared key encrypted chat program.
  • Skype.
  • Sonork. Set up and control your own Instant Messaging system.

   Web Encryption  

  • Check the strength of the crypto in your browser.
  • Fortify (Windows 95/NT/UNIX). Upgrades weak international version of Netscape into strong 128-bit version. Available worldwide.

   Telnet Encryption  

   Disk Encryption   

Encrypt your entire hard drive.
  • PGPdisk (was CryptDisk). Now included with PGP.
  • SafeBoot (Windows).
  • Scramdisk.
  • TrueCrypt. Free open-source disk encryption software for Windows XP/2000/2003 and Linux.

  Disk/File Erasing Programs  

Completely erase files so that they cannot be recovered or undeleted.

   Privacy Policy Generators  

   Password Security   

   Firewalls  

     Other Resources   

  • AllTextEncryption.com. Data protection, spam prevention, personal and e-business encryption software.
  • Anonymous Hosting. Provided by Katz Global Media solutions for clients who would prefer to keep their personal and business information to themselves.
  • Anti-Keylog. A solution that can protect important personal information such as ID, password, credit card number, bank account number etc. even if known and unknown hacking programs exist in users pc.
  • Chaos Mash. Free encryption utility for Windows. Can be run from a USB device.
  • Covelight Percept. Full-time audit of application usage to protect the privacy of entrusted personal information from theft, fraud and abuse.
  • "Cryptographic software solutions and how to use them."
  • Crypt0graphy Research Labs . Links to cryptographic and other resources.
  • CryptoPad. Wordpad-like cryptography program, cryptography uses a single string of unlimited length as the key for documents.
  • Datacorner pwProtect. Provides browser-based online AES encryption of text
    and messages.
  • DeleteNow. Fee service. Will contact many databases to remove your personal information from their listings.
  • FreeSecurity. Freeware, graphical, easy to use application that allows you to compress and use 128-bit AES (Rijndael) to encrypt your files. Works on all major operating systems (Linux, Windows, MacOS, Solaris, etc...) as long as Java is installed.
  • How To GPG. User friendly and informative step by step instructions to help people set up GnuPG on Windows.
  • Ingrian DataSecure. Data at rest encryption solution that features field, file, and column level encryption for compliance of Visa PCI, SB 1386, HIPAA and other encryption privacy laws.
  • InvisibleNet. Anonymous networking for communications.
  • Just1Key. Secure password manager, compatible with Windows, Mac, or Unix; handheld PDAs or mobile phones with SSL Web browsers.
  • My Personal Favorites. Secures lists of favorite sites and protects browsing privacy.
  • MyPrivateLine. A prepaid telephone service that uses toll-free numbers to route all incoming calls anonymously and safely to another, hidden phone number of each user’s choice.
  • OkayCash. Shop online without a credit card.
  • PCWorld: 34 steps you can take to reclaim your online privacy. (June 2002)
  • Privacy Communications, Inc. (PrivCom). Encrypted faxes and voicemail.
  • Shields UP! Internet Connection Security Analysis.
  • SingleFin. Protect your company from junk e-mail and viruses.
  • SnoopFree Privacy Shield. Protects against spyware.
  • SpamEx. Disposable E-mail Address Service.
  • SpamFreeze. Free service from SpamButcher for publicizing e-mail addresses on the Web without getting spammed.
  • SpyCop. Detects an ever-growing number of "spy programs" which monitor computer usage.
  • SurfSecret PestPatrol. Detects and eliminates trojans, spyware, adware, etc.
  • Utilities. Free with source code, deals with several browsers' cookies, history and cache files.
  • Who's Watching Me? Snooper Detector. Checks your system for "snoopers," or software that is installed on a computer to record actions and events.
  • WinSCP. A freeware SCP Secure CoPy client for Windows  using SSH (Secure Shell.)
  • www.EXITS.ro – Free tools and tutorials about online privacy and security.

     Electronic Newsgroups - Moderated Newsletters and Digests :   

ACLU Cyber-Liberties Update. Biweekly newsletter. To subscribe to the ACLU Cyber-Liberties Update, send a message to majordomo@aclu.org with "subscribe Cyber-Liberties" in the body of the message.
CPSR Announce. Moderated mailing list for CPSR. Newsgroup: comp.org.cpsr.announce. Includes Telecom Report, and other CPSR newsletters and releases. Also available as mailing list. Mail to listserv@cpsr.org. 1st line: subscribe cpsr-announce.
CPSR-Global. CPSR sponsored mailing list on Global information infrastructure issues. To subscribe, email listserv@cpsr.org with the 1st line: subscribe cpsr-global. Moderator: Marsha Woodbury.
Computer Privacy Digest. Moderated digest on privacy. Newsgroup: comp.society.privacy. To subscribe, email: comp-privacy-request@uwm.edu, 1st line "subscribe". Back issues gopher: gopher.cs.uwm.edu, ftp: ftp.cs.uwm.edu/pub/comp-privacy/. Moderator: Len Levine.
Computer Underground Digest. Weekly moderated digest on computer underground, privacy, free speech issues. Newsgroup: comp.society.cu-digest. Email: cu-digest-request@weber.ucsd.edu, Subject: SUBSCRIBE CU-DIGEST . Back issues at http://www.soci.niu.edu/~cudigest. Moderator: Jim Thomas.
EPIC Alert. Biweekly electronic newsletter of the Electronic Privacy Information Center. Mail to epic-news@epic.org. Subject: subscribe.
Netizen: Le Bulletin Lambada. French newsletter on online privacy and free speech issues. Available in French and English.
The Network Observer. [Archives] On-line newsletter about networks and democracy. Email: rre-request@weber.ucsd.edu. with the Subject: subscribe Jane Doe.
Privacy Forum. Moderated digest on privacy partially sponsored by ACM. To subscribe, email: privacy-request@vortex.com. Back issues at ftp.vortex.com /privacy or http://www.vortex.com/. Moderator: Lauren Weinstein.
Risks Digest. Moderated digest on risks to the public using computers and related systems. Newsgroup: comp.risks. Also available as mailing list from email: risks-request@csl.sri.com 1st line: SUBSCRIBE. Back issues at unix.sri.com /risks/ . Moderator: Peter Neumann.
VTW Announce. Moderated mailing list of Voters Telecomm Watch. Email listproc@panix.com, 1st line of the message: SUBSCRIBE VTW-ANNOUNCE your name.

   Unmoderated Newsgroups and Mailing Lists:  

Alt.privacy. Unmoderated discussion on privacy. High traffic, low content.
Alt.privacy clipper. Unmoderated discussion of the Clipper chip and encryption policy.
Comp.org.cpsr.talk. Unmoderated discussion of issues related to the Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility. Topics include privacy, the NII, telecommunications reform and social implications of technology.
Comp.org.eff.talk. Unmoderated discussion of privacy, free speech, copyright and other issues related to the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
Cypherpunks Mailing list. Discussion of cryptography and technical protections of privacy. Email: majordomo@toad.com, subscribe cypherpunks. Warning: High Traffic (100+ messages/day).
sci.crypt. Unmoderated technical discussion of encryption.
talk.politics.crypto. Unmoderated discussion of the Clipper chip and encryption policy.

         Anonymous Remailing from the WWW   

There may be the occasion that you don't have access to your home machine and you have to send an anonymous message to somebody, It is not as secure as composing your message off-line, Your message and the final recipient are sent unencrypted to the WWW server being used, (Unless you're using SSL) Opening yourself and your recipient to a Man-In-the-Middle Attack, and your adversary can learn who and what it is that you're mailing.

    Mixmaster remailers  

Mixmaster remailers are the next generation of remailers, Using advanced techniques and strong cryptography to make most methods of traffic analysis next to impossible, It however requires the use of a special client to generate the Mixmaster messages. Below is a lists of links for more information on Mixmaster remailers.

   Newsgroups dealing with Anonymity  

Just click to visit them....

   Anonymous Remailers  


   Remailer Tools  

Using a remailer at times can be a real pain in the ass, but there are some tools and commercial products aimed at streamlining the process of sending anonymous mail.
  • Mailcrypt Version 3.4 directly supports remailers and PGP encryption, It implements many of the same features as Premail but in Emacs.
  • Private Idaho Version 3.52t Private Idaho is an anonymous remailer utility for Windows, Supporting PGP, cypherpunk remailers (Type 1) Mixmaster & nymservers. The original Private Idaho information can be found at Joel McNamara's WWW page.
  • Jack B. Nymble v1.3 is a new Windows 95/NT application for composing and sending anonymous and nym messages. Its from the same folks that brought you the Potato DOS remailer client.
  • Potato is a DOS remailer client that works well in Windows, Which prepares anonymous messages which are then mailed from your e-mail client.
  • Privtool Version 0.90 is intended to be a PGP aware replacement for the standard Sun workstation mailtool,Privtool now runs on Linux, Free-BSD, Solaris, and SunOS.
  • NewsRover is a off-line Usenet newsgroup reader and posting program that works well with remailers to post private Usenet messages and e-mail
  • ChainMail is a remailer chaining utility for Apple Macintosh users.
  • S-Tools-4 is one of many steganography tools that hides messages in photos, or sounds that could be posted to Usenet or stored on your computer. Steganography relies on security by obscurity, If people don't know there is a message hidden, they won't look for it. If you download this software, I have a test picture for you to try it out.

   Privacy & Anonymous service providers 

I have been trying to put together a list of providers who care more about the privacy and security of their users than that of the almighty dollar, Surpassingly they are few & far between (Probably too anonymous to tell anyone.) Most of these providers use telnet, Some use SSH, or S/Key to log in for added protection. Mailme if you would like your company listed.
  • HushMail
    Is the world's first 1024 bit encrypted free mail service!
  • SecureNym
    Offers secure and anonymous web based E-mail by subscription.
  • Pop3Now:
    Access your mail from the web with SSL encryption.
  • Cyberpass
    Run by Lance Cottrell, a well known cryptographer & cypherpunk.
  • LOD Communications
    $10 a month shell account with WWW page.
  • AnonMailNet
    Web2Mail & Web2News interfaces with standard Internet services.
  • Data Haven Project
    $10 a month shell account with full access.
  • Offshore Information Services
    Anonymous services from Anguilla B.W.I.
  • Nymserver
    Anonymous e-mail and newsgroup posting, PGP, & finger info.
  • Somebody.net
    Anonymous surfing and anonymous email services
  • 303.org
    Now offers free SSL and regular web mail accounts
  • Altopia
    Privacy accounts now, Anonymous accounts later...

   Organizations and interest groups  

  • American Civil Liberties Union
    Is the United States foremost advocate of individual rights, litigation, legislating, and educating the public on a broad array of issues affecting individual freedoms in the U.S., The ACLU also has a site for dealing with the police.
  • Privacy Rights Clearinghouse
    Offers consumers a unique opportunity to learn how to protect their personal privacy with publications and tips on privacy.
  • Electronic Privacy Information Center
    Is a public interest research center in Washington D.C. Established in 1994 to focus public attention on emerging civil liberty issues, protecting privacy, and the 1st Amendment.
  • Electronic Frontier Foundation
    Is a non-profit civil liberties organization working in the public interest to protect privacy, free expression, and access to public resources and information online.
  • Right To Privacy
    An open discussion site on privacy issues around the world.
  • Internet Privacy Coalition's
    mission is to promote privacy and security on the Internet through widespread public use of strong encryption.
  • Americans for Computer Privacy
    A coalition working to ensure the online privacy and communication in today information age.
  • Big Brother Inside
    Keeping your PC safe from those who want to ID you.
  • Privacy International
    Is a human rights group formed in 1990 as a watchdog on surveillance by governments and corporations.

   Publications & articles on anonymity  





   Tons of downloadable .pdf documents on anonymity and privacy 

  • Anonymity and Privacy in Electronic Services
    ...ing and electronic payments, anonymity and privacy are strictly necessary before year 2000 that anonymity and privacy enhancing technologies started to ...



  • The Hitting Set Attack on Anonymity Protocols
    ...Although anonymity and privacy is only a small part of what today is called. computer or network security, it plays a vital role in data protection. There ...



  • Information Hiding, Anonymity and Privacy: A Modular Approach
    ...as anonymity and privacy. The framework is based on the concept of a function ... izing many information hiding properties such as anonymity and privacy, ...



  • Subscriptionless mobile networking: anonymity and privacy aspects ...



  • Anonymity and information hiding in multiagent systems - Computer ...




  • Schwerpunkt Anonymity and Privacy in Electronic Services
    ...ments, anonymity and privacy are. strictly necessary. In a democratic ... provide anonymity and privacy to. these applications. We include a ...



  • Anonymity and Privacy in Electronic Services
    ...Anonymity and Privacy in. Electronic Services. Claudia Díaz. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Dept. Electrical Engineering – ESAT/COSIC. Promoters: Prof. ...



  • Two Years On the Identity Trail Nearly two years ago, a team of ...
    ...anonymity and privacy -- when law permits anonymity, when it. imposes anonymity, when it requires identification, etc. Some team members are investigating ...



  • 1 There can be little doubt that the concepts of anonymity and ...
    ...There can be little doubt that the concepts of anonymity and privacy are related in. important ways, though it is not easy to state their exact connection. ...
    ...short overview is presented of the existing solutions to provide anonymity and privacy to. these applications. The last chapter contains a number of ...



  • ORAL ARGUMENT SCHEDULED FOR SEPTEMBER 16, 2003 Nos. 03-7015, 03 ...
    ...At stake in this litigation is whether fundamental First Amendment anonymity and privacy. rights can be trampled with an unreviewed subpoena that is issued ...



  • DRAFT MOTION TO QUASH LANDMARK SUBPOENA I. INTRODUCTION AND ...
    ...Once an online user’s anonymity and privacy have been. eviscerated, they cannot be repaired or the user made whole. Due process dictates that the ...



  • APES Anonymity and Privacy in Electronic Services
    ...suggests that anonymity and privacy are different concepts Client functionality can be extended to provide some degree of anonymity and privacy. ...



  • Towards measuring anonymity
    ...protection of anonymity and privacy in electronic services. In the past, many. technical solutions have been proposed that hide a user’s identity in various ...



  • Privacy, Security, and Anonymity: An Evolving Balance



  • Anonymity in probabilistic and nondeterministic systems
    ...Information hiding, anonymity and privacy:. a modular approach. Journal of Computer Security, 12(1):3–36, 2004. [7] Michael K. Reiter and Aviel D. Rubin. ...



  • Probable Innocence Revisited
    ...Anonymity and privacy have been an area of research for over two decades now, ... erties (including numerous flavors of anonymity and privacy) using the ...



  • Anonymous and Privacy-Sensitive Collection of Sensed Data in ...
    ...Anonymity and privacy are then addressed. through a fidelity tradeoff, obscuring either a person’ ... address threats to the anonymity and privacy of people ...



  • Putting People in their Place: An Anonymous and Privacy-Sensitive ...
    ...significant implications for anonymity and privacy. Consider an otherwise anonymous person who ... Significant prior work has examined anonymity and privacy ...



  • Einladung_2003 english
    ...Is there a human need for anonymity and privacy and is this related to technological change? How can technology provide ano-. nymity and pseudonymity? ...



  • Confidence and confidentiality: Improving transparency and privacy ...
    ...concerns about maintaining anonymity and privacy. There is concern that this ... anonymity and privacy, particularly in small communities where, despite ...



  • Confidence and confidentiality: Improving transparency and privacy ...
    ...concerns about maintaining anonymity and privacy. There is concern that this will. be particularly difficult in small communities where, despite reporting ...



  • Proceedings Template - WORD
    ...significant implications for anonymity and privacy. Consider an ... Significant prior work has examined anonymity and privacy in ...



  • Obscuring Identity A formal approach to anonymity
    ...anonymity and privacy: A modular approach, 2002. [Mil99]. Robin Milner. Communicating and mobile systems: the π calculus. Cambridge University Press, 1999. ...



  • A Formalization of Anonymity and Onion Routing
    ...Anonymity and privacy in the electronic world, 1999. Seminar on. Network Security, Helsinki University of Technology. 12. A. Pfitzmann and M. Kohntopp. ...



  • 6th Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET2006)
    ...communication networks by bringing together anonymity and privacy experts from around the world to. discuss recent advances and new perspectives. ...



  • Privacy for Public Transportation
    ...We apply the traditional meanings of security, anonymity and privacy. We con-. sider a protocol to be secure if it is as difficult to violate the semantics ...



  • Anonymity, Privacy and Cyberspace
    ...considered in the light of the relationship between anonymity and privacy, the application of existing. data protection law, current proposals and the ...



  • Privacy, freedom of expression and CyberSLAPPs: Fostering ...
    ...Anonymity and Privacy. Regulatory techniques including the law on data protection are not completely effective in protecting ...



  • Role Based Authentication and Authorization as a Tool for Privacy ...
    ...level of anonymity and privacy. However, the actual identity of the user may still be. maintained by the local domain, thereby addressing possible ...



  • The right not to be identified: privacy and anonymity in the ...



  • CliqueNet: A Self-Organizing, Scalable, Peer-to-Peer Anonymous ...
    ...anonymity and privacy are deemed so indispensable for a functional society ... CliqueNet combines the strong anonymity and privacy properties of DC-nets ...



  • CliqueNet: A Self-Organizing, Scalable, Peer-to-Peer Anonymous ...
    ...Strong anonymity and privacy guarantees are critical for many offline, ... anonymity and privacy are deemed so indispensable for a functional society that ...



  • Authentication and/or identification through the virtual world
    ...How to protect anonymity and privacy when required and how to securely authenticate and/or. identify the entities involved in a protocol when necessary are ...



  • canvas PFS
    ...to define buddy lists, to control their anonymity and privacy. settings anonymity and privacy during the delivery of its services. ...



  • Privacy, Freedom of Expression and CyberSLAPPs: Fostering ...



  • CONTOURS OF PRIVACY:
    ...Anonymity and Privacy: Conceptual Links and Normative Implications. Travis Dumsday, Department of Philosophy, University of Waterloo. 3:15 -- 3:30 p.m. ...



  • Author Guidelines for 8
    ...A user’s anonymity and privacy. can be compromised if a node can be identified, or ... anonymity and privacy may be profound if such a ...



  • Bustle: Using Hitchhiking to Monitor Meaningful Locations



  • The Law Society's response to Confidence and Confidentiality ...
    ...the anonymity and privacy of those involved in the proceedings. There would be less. risk of accidental identification of parties or children involved in ...



  • Information hiding, anonymity and privacy: a modular approach



  • Privacy and Anonymity
    ...Anonymity and privacy. – Who should care. – Anonymous communication primitives. • Attacks on anonymous communication. – Traffic analysis ...



  • Onion Routing for Anonymous and Private Internet Connections
    ...mum protection of anonymity and privacy against non-local components, even. those participating in a connection. In between these two extremes are multiple ...



  • Microsoft PowerPoint - 3D9E2788-3DBE-CF56.ppt
    ...Information Hiding,. Anonymity and Privacy:. A Modular Approach ... Example: Anonymity and Privacy. What the attacker shouldn’t know. “Blender” anonymity ...



  • Microsoft PowerPoint - Spyce-overview-Aug04
    ...Discrete information management. - Multicentric information delivery and retrieval. - Access control, anonymity, and privacy ...



  • Eluding Carnivores: File Sharing with Strong Anonymity
    ...Even though strong anonymity and privacy guaran-. tees are critical for many applications, current In-. ternet networking protocols provide no support for ...



  • Statement for the Record of Marc Rotenberg, Executive Director And ...
    ...While encryption is employed to ensure anonymity and privacy at various levels, one. aspect of encryption minimizes the collection of personally ...



  • CPY Document
    ...These long-standing rights to anonymity and privacy are critically ... Nor is there any basis for limiting the anonymity and privacy with which ...



  • Definitions of Anonymity and its Dimensions in an Electronic World
    ...KORKEA-AHO, M., Anonymity and Privacy in the Electronic World, 1999, ... Anonymity and privacy. 45. Cf.: 2.2.3. Identity and anonymity; MARX, G. T., ...



  • Information and Privacy Office



  • An Expression of Interest for a Network of Excellence
    ...the Flemish research project APES (Anonymity and Privacy in Electronic Services) and has participated in several. other Belgian/Flemish research projects. ...



  • FIDIS - Legal Research - Brussels, 28 January 2003
    ...APES project (Anonymity and privacy in electronic services). • IDO project (Identity management in the public sector) ...



  • On the Relationship of Privacy and Secure Remote Logging in ...
    ...JAP anonymity and privacy. http://anon.inf.tu-dresden.de/, 2005. 4. R. Accorsi and A. Hohl. Delegating secure logging in pervasive computing systems. ...



  • Barnardo’s Statement of Ethical Research Practice
    ...The anonymity and privacy of those who participate in research should be respected. Personal. information concerning research participants should be kept ...



  • CS-555: Project Pre-Proposal
    ...trust establishment between unknown users, and also preserves anonymity and privacy by controlling. disclosure of sensitive credentials according to the ...



  • PAMPAS ‘02 Workshop on Requirements for Mobile Privacy & Security
    ...ing: Anonymity and Privacy Aspects”, presented at the. IEEE WCNC 2002,. www.nue.et-inf.uni-siegen.de/schmidt/english/. literat.html ...



  • S P S S
    ...terns themselves deal with anonymity and privacy issues In particular, anonymity and privacy concerns span a large problem space. Thus ...



  • USING ENCRYPTION AND TRUSTED THIRD PARTIES TO ENABLE DATA ...
    ...(2004) JAP - anonymity and privacy. http://anon.inf.tu-dresden.de/index_en.html. Kesdogan, D. et al (1998) Stop-and-go MIXes: Providing probabilistic ...



  • An Analysis of Anonymity on the Internet
    ...intended party is able to use the information (Internet Security and Privacy. for Activists and Citizens, 2002). Anonymity and privacy are very closely ...



  • Chapter 19 HIDDEN-WEB PRIVACY PRESERVATION SURFING (HI-WEPPS) MODEL



  • Trustworthy Identification in a Privacy Driven Virtual World
    ...This model provides a high degree of anonymity and privacy and is effective in ... Model 2 provides anonymity and privacy and can be used with reputation ...



  • Bits of Freedom, Sjoera Nas Free Bitflows 3 June 2004
    ...APES - Anonymity and privacy in electronic services. •. PRIME - Privacy and identity management in Europe. Page 14. Anonimity in the U.S. ...



  • DAISY: Increasing Scalability and Robustness of Anonymity Systems
    ...message, anonymity and privacy respectively. Message protection covers confidentiality which allows dis-. closure of messages to designated recipients, ...



  • Privacy Resources and Sites on the Internet



  • “PRIME – PRIVACY AND IDENTITY MANAGEMENT FOR EUROPE”. A LEGAL ...
    ...'APES – Anonymity and Privacy in Electronic Services' 2003 project carried out at the K.U. Leuven. with the aim of developing technical and legal solutions ...



  • Call For Papers
    ...Anonymity and Privacy vs. Accountability. •. Access Control and Capability. Delegation. October 30 - November 1, 2006. Hilton Suites Toronto/Markham ...
    ...Anonymity and Privacy in Electronic Services. *. Basic Building Blocks for Anonymity. U. Flegel. Evaluating a Pseudonymizer Using APES Basic Building Blocks ...



  • P2P architecture
    ...Anonymity and privacy … with some security concerns ... Anonymity and privacy. Servers know their clients; in P2P systems operations occur locally ...



  • Situating Privacy Online: Complex Perceptions and Everyday Practices
    ...To protect participant anonymity and privacy pseudonyms are. used throughout this paper. Pseudonym. Access type. (interview. location). Language ...



  • Why You Should Care About P2P and Web Services Web Services ...
    ...Government doesn’t want you to have anonymity and privacy. tracking criminals and enforcing laws. Code 3. Prediction: commerce will layer authentication and ...



  • Revocable Anonymity
    ...APES, Anonymity and Privacy in. Electronic Services, Deliverable 10, Technologies for controlled anonymity, 2003, ...



  • Curriculum Vitae
    ...Anonymity and Privacy, Network and Systems Security, Usability in Security, Applied Cryptography,. Trusted Hardware. Education. Ph.D. in Computer Science, ...



  • STUDENTSHIPS AND OTHER AWARDS
    ...The anonymity and privacy of those who participate in the research process. should be respected. Personal information concerning research participants ...



  • Anonymous Communication and its Applications
    ...This prompts the need for various anonymity- and privacy-enhancing techniques,. e.g., group signatures, anonymous e-cash and secret handshakes. ...



  • CALL FOR PAPERS
    ...Anonymity and privacy vs. accountability. * Access control and capability delegation. High-quality papers in all PST related areas that at the time of ...



  • Subpoenaing of Reproductive Health Medical Records
    ...of Appeals upheld the lower court's ruling, stating that anonymity and privacy are. not identical, and thus even turning over anonymous patient records ...



  • Dia 1
    ...2004, he worked on an IWT project on Anonymity and Privacy in Electronic Services. He received a PhD in Engineering in. 2006. His promotor was Prof. Dr. ir. ...



  • SRU 36 Spring 2002
    ...ing the anonymity and privacy of research. participants. A range of authors in a variety. • Most researchers go to considerable ...



  • Privacy Patterns for Online Interactions
    ...These solutions can provide anonymity and privacy, however, ... Patterns for Anonymity and Privacy,” European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs ...



  • CSFW-20 call-for-papers
    ...Anonymity and Privacy. Electronic voting. Network security. Resource usage control. Access control. Trust and trust management. Security models ...



  • Group Principals and the Formalization of Anonymity
    ...anonymity and privacy. Studies have shown that privacy is a great concern for. users of electronic commerce. Numerous protocols have emerged for protecting ...



  • Regulation of Electronic Speech and Commerce
    ...of encryption is a needless undermining of anonymity and privacy. It’s important to remember that the root of the terrorist threat America ...



  • Statement of Ethical Practice
    ...[a] The anonymity and privacy of those who participate in the. research process should be respected. Personal information ...



  • A Framework to Provide Anonymity in Reputation Systems
    ...Subscriptionless mobile networking: anonymity and privacy aspects. within personal area networks. In Proc. of the Wireless Comm. and Networking ...



  • Identity checks for pre-paid mobile phones Australian Privacy ...
    ...the loss of anonymity and privacy, we submit that the current Determination be. withdrawn and no identification required for pre-paid mobile accounts. ...



  • cippic newsletter january
    ...mon terms relevant to online anonymity and privacy. See http://. anonequity.org/en3/index.html . UnfairTerms and Online Contracts. – CIPPIC is launch- ...



  • Is there any such thing?
    ...want anonymity and privacy in their lives should be. discouraged from participating in online commerce. and should set their browsers to not accept cookies, ...



  • Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture21.ppt
    ...Anonymity and privacy. • To the people she corresponds with: her IP. address Anonymity and privacy. • To her ISP (or employer): all of the ...



  • Enabling anonymity for the mobile Internet using the mCrowds system
    ...This section describes legal requirements for anonymity and privacy and the ... uitous, the need for anonymity and privacy will probably become even greater ...



  • Dynamic Mobile Anonymity with Mixing
    ...Jap: Anonymity and privacy tool for internet. URL:http://anon.inf.tu-dresden.de. 11. Stefan Kopsell, Hannes Federrath, and Marit Hansen. ...



  • Distributed Data Mining Protocols for Privacy: A Review of Some ...
    ...Anonymity and privacy. remove some disincentive for participants to provide fake data, but it would also. be useful to design mechanisms that specifically ...



  • Hide and Seek: Provable Anonymity in Computer Networks
    ...with anonymity and privacy is mostly application driven and intuitively based, paying more. attention to implementation details rather than security ...



  • A Fair Biometric Enabled M-Payment Solution with Anonymity Support
    ...delivery in order to realise customers’ anonymity and privacy protect 4.2 Anonymity and Privacy. Although we use the SMS as the base of our protocol, ...



  • A Practical Fair-Exchange E-Payment Protocol for Anonymous ...
    ...anonymity and privacy. C: Every customer and merchant has been issued ... Anonymity and privacy protection. In the proposed solution, another important ...



  • A Capability-Based Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Pervasive ...
    ...cause the SP and the AS never communicate with each other. during the service access phase. This provides complete. anonymity and privacy to Alice. ...



  • Concepts for Personal Location Privacy Policies
    ...There are several papers addressing anonymity and privacy in a. network exposed to threats from traffic analysis, see e.g.. [6][2][12][13][1]. ...



  • Situating Privacy Online: Complex Perceptions and Everyday Practices
    ...To protect participant anonymity and privacy, pseudonyms are. used throughout this paper. Pseudonym. Access type. (interview. location). Language ...



  • Call for Papers
    ...Anonymity and privacy. PAPER SUBMISSIONS. Papers should be submitted in Portable Document Format (.pdf) using an 11-point font, single column layout, ...



  • A Growing Web of Watchers Builds a Surveillance Society
    ...On the one hand, most of us will trade in our anonymity and privacy for, yes, increased national security and. cleaner, healthier, easier lives. ...



  • mCrowds: Anonymity for the Mobile Internet
    ...ubiquitous, the need for anonymity and privacy will probably become even ... “JAP - Anonymity and Privacy”, . Kannel. ...



  • An Infrastructure for Anonymous Internet Services
    ...model and discuss threats to anonymity and privacy. 5.1 Communication Evaluation. Obviously communication via an anonymous path increases trans- ...



  • PERSONAL INFORMATION AND THE DESIGN OF VEHICLE SAFETY ...
    ...Anonymity and privacy are considered key factors. in the success of many ITS-related technologies: “If ITS systems are developed and deployed ...



  • Oxford Brookes Templates
    ...How confidentiality, anonymity and privacy will be maintained. •. Right of participant to refuse to participate or withdraw at any time for any reason ...



  • Museum Victoria Customer Service Charter
    ...ANONYMITY AND PRIVACY. Museum Victoria respects the privacy of individuals and complies with the Information. Privacy Act (Vic) 2000 in the collection, use, ...



  • Arnoud Peter Engelfriet
    ...Engelfriet, A., Style guide for online hypertext, HTMLHelp.com website, 1997. Engelfriet, A., Anonymity and privacy on the Internet, Tekst[blad] 2:1, ...



  • Achieving Internet Anonymity
    ...anonymity and privacy with a grain of salt. They’ve got organizations that are all about. preventing people from being able to speak freely. And as we know, ...



  • Socio-Legal Studies Association First Re-statement of Research ...
    ...Principle 7: Socio-legal researchers should protect the anonymity and privacy of. those who participate in the research process. 7.1. Confidentiality. ...



  • Socio-Legal Studies Association:
    ...Principle 6: Socio-legal researchers should protect the anonymity and privacy of. those who participate in the research process. 6.1. Confidentiality. ...



  • Getting to Grips with m-learning Seminar
    ...for anonymity and privacy. • Mobility:. Ability to link to activities in the outside world also provides students with the. capability to ‘escape’. ...



  • Principles for the Networked World
    ...The rights of anonymity and privacy while people. retrieveand communicate information must be protected. as an essential element of intellectual freedom. ...



  • Spam 2005: Technology, Law and Policy
    ...protections of anonymity and privacy. The duality. 15. of the technology tools raises concerns for a country. with an authoritarian government. ...



  • ITU WSIS T M C S C P S : C C
    ...anonymity and privacy. For instance, a centralized “whitelist” of approved e-mailers should not be required,. and new technologies should not interfere with ...



  • Anonymity Architecture for Mobile Agents
    ...[23] Anonymity and privacy on the internet. Website. Available at http:. //www.stack.nl/galactus/remailers/. [24] David Chaum. ...



  • Cryptography from Anonymity
    ...tween anonymity and privacy is analogous to the relation between unpredictability and indistinguishability:. while the former notions of security might be ...



  • Privacy and Surveillance
    ...appropriate level of anonymity and privacy. Likewise, closer control over the uses to which personal information may be put (especially in relation to ...



  • discussion about anonymity in research records ver 2
    ...‘The anonymity and privacy of those who participate in the research. process should be respected. Personal information concerning research ...



  • -1- DRAFTv5 Anonymity in the Balance A. Michael Froomkin
    ...enforce payment, these systems have obvious implications for anonymity (and privacy more generally):. every access to the digital work is logged, ...



  • Measuring Anonymity with Relative Entropy
    ...and more concerned about their anonymity and privacy in the digital world. Anonymity is the property of keeping secret the identity of the user who has per- ...



  • A Framework for Automatically Checking Anonymity with µCRL
    ...Information hiding, anonymity and privacy: A. modular approach. Journal of Computer Security, 12(1):3–36, 2004. 18. H. Huttel and S. Shukla. ...



  • A Little About Cookies: an NSE Opinion Paper



  • Evaluating the Design of an Audit Data Pseudonymizer Using Basic ...
    ...In the APES project (Anonymity and Privacy in Electronic Services) the state-of-the-art. of anonymity systems has been surveyed and studied [SDDW ...
    ...Apr 06: Anonymity and Privacy. Apr 11: Spamming and Phishing. identity theft. Apr 13: Side-channel attacks. Timing attacks. Apr 18: Subliminal Channels. ...



  • The Economics of Mass Surveillance
    ...dentiality, anonymity and privacy for Alice and Bob, do not exist in a vacuum. In. most cases Alice and Bob would be embedded in a social network [16], ...



  • Navigating Computer Science Research Through Waves of Privacy ...
    ...anonymity” and “privacy rights management”, respectively. “Anonymity” in. computer security is not data anonymity, but instead relates to the ability to ...



  • They're Watching You . . .
    ...took for granted the anonymity and privacy of our ordinary, day-. to-day lives. No more. Today, we are constantly tagged,. monitored, studied, sorted and ...



  • Journal of Computer Security
    ...Information hiding, anonymity and privacy: a. modular approach. Alessandra Di Pierro, Chris Hankin, Herbert. Wiklicky - Approximate non-interference ...



  • Financial Cryptography and Data Security 2007
    ...Anonymity and Privacy. Microfinance and Micropayments. Auctions. Monitoring, Management and Operations. Audit and Auditability. Reputation Systems ...



  • Interdomain User Authentication and Privacy Royal Holloway



  • FC'05: Financial Cryptography and Data Security Call for Papers
    ...Anonymity and Privacy. * Auctions. * Audit and Auditability. * Authentication and Identification, including Biometrics. * Certification and Authorization ...



  • On securing open networks through trust and Reputation ...
    ...Anonymity and privacy: users may only be willing to. participate if a certain amount of anonymity and. privacy is guaranteed. ...



  • Workshop on Information and Computer Security ICS 2006
    ...o Anonymity and privacy. o Electronic voting. o Information flow. o Intrusion detection. o Resource usage control. o Security for mobile computing ...



  • Nonesuch: a Mix Network with Sender Unobservability
    ...[7] Dıaz, C. Anonymity and Privacy in Electronic. Services. PhD thesis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,. Leuven, Belgium, December 2005. ...



  • Anonymous Routing in a Peer-to-Peer Network 1 Introduction
    ...However, user anonymity and privacy are not typically protected. in such peer-to-peer systems. An adversary can gain knowledge about not only the ...



  • Anonymous Communication Policies for the Internet: Results and ...



  • Voting is on everyones minds these days, but perhaps even more so ...
    ...anonymity and privacy as they relate to the casting of a vote as well as to efforts. undertaken to ensure accountability in voting systems; ...



  • Peer-to-Peer Computing: Systems, Concepts and Characteristics 1 ...
    ...systems to ensure user control, anonymity and privacy is important. This is possible since peering. systems have a greater degree of autonomous control over ...



  • 2005-2006 Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) Report - School Level ...
    ...Note: In order to maintain the anonymity and privacy of students, proficiency data is not displayed for values <=5% and >=95% ...



  • Preliminary Call for Papers
    ...Security, anonymity and privacy in large-scale integration,. − Facilitating large-scale data sharing and mass collaboration,. − Ontology-based integration ...



  • Dynamic Anonymity
    ...[3] Jap: Anonymity and privacy tool for internet. URL:http://anon.inf.tu-dresden.de. [4] Locating people in emergency. URL: http://www.sintrade.ch. ...



  • Dipartimento di Informatica Universit`a del Piemonte Orientale “A ...
    ...for anonymity and privacy over the Internet, requires that mix providers sign ... Besides, when anonymity and privacy are the goals, it can be assumed that ...



  • PRESENT OFFICERS, COUNCIL MEMBERS, AND DATES OF RETIREMENT
    ...D. They will respect individuals' right to anonymity and privacy of those they work with when it is requested. E. When materials or information obtained ...



  • Zhiguo WAN
    ...Anonymity and privacy. Education. Ph.D. in Computer Science, July 2002 - present. School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore ...



  • Group Principals and the Formalization of Anonymity
    ...anonymity and privacy. Studies have shown that privacy is a great concern. for users of electronic commerce. Numerous protocols have emerged for pro- ...



  • 1986: THE CONFIDENTIALITY AND EXTENDED USE OF FEDERAL STATISTICS
    ...toward confidentiality, anonymity, and privacy, for. example, are likely to be subject to substantial. context, wording, and order effects. An incidental ...



  • Facts & Figures About Family Foundations
    ...Many people assume that families place a premium on anonymity and privacy with. regard to their philanthropy. However, 60% of trustees in a recent Council ...



  • PowerPoint Presentation
    ...secured (normally post-hoc in covert research). • confidentiality of information supplied by research subjects. and anonymity and privacy of respondents; ...



  • A Report on the Surveillance Society
    ...Autonomy: Anonymity and Privacy: Surveillance affects autonomy by compromising. individual anonymity and privacy. In many ways, a general condition of ...



  • The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention is ...
    ...specifically on the guarantee of anonymity and privacy. Should OJJDP publish information that. compromises this guarantee, then respondents will be less ...



  • Public Access to Health Information: Finding a Balance
    ...Privacy: The right of all people to anonymity and privacy while retrieving and. communicating information, including the right to be fully informed about ...



  • Kenosis: A P2P RPC system using the Kademlia DHT
    ...Since Kenosis lacks anonymity and privacy, a distributed-. trust primitive called Calvin [10] is being developed on top. of Kenosis. ...



  • B B B e e e n n n e e e f f f i i i t t t s s s o o o f f f ...
    ...Anonymity and Privacy. • No student particulars are sent to goVote , and none of the questions in the survey. require students to identify themselves, ...



  • A Framework for Automatically Checking Anonymity with µCRL (pre ...
    ...Information hiding, anonymity and privacy: A. modular approach. Journal of Computer Security, 12(1):3–36, 2004. 17. H. Huttel and S. Shukla. ...



  • k-Anonymity
    ...Information hiding, anonymity and privacy: a. modular approach. Journal of Computer Security, 12(1):3–36, 2004. 16. Hundepool A, Van deWetering A, ...



  • Chapter 8 Location Information Privacy



  • bene esse
    ...protect the anonymity and privacy of. whistleblowers and to shield them from. any negative consequences. Benesse has. also established a Group Ethics Compli ...



  • INTRODUCTION
    ...surveys of HIV-related behavior to ensure anonymity and privacy and to verify study. authenticity (e.g., interviews were only conducted under private ...



  • mono cover
    ...Even in the Internet era, government can carry out law enforcement. without violating rights and preemptively subverting anonymity and privacy for the ...



  • Anonymity and information hiding in multiagent systems



  • IIIC Common View Paper On:



  • The complex facets of reputation and trust
    ...Identity is inextricably linked with anonymity and privacy in peer-to-peer. networks. Having accurate identity models might enable the designers to make ...
    ...Trust, Anonymity and Privacy: Privacy protection is becoming an increasingly ... level of anonymity and privacy without compromising on security. ...



  • Microsoft PowerPoint - Security in cyberspace3.ppt
    ...Anonymity and privacy can lead to unlawful. behavior (due to the ease of restricting. information). “Easy identification” makes it harder to hide from ...



  • Dagstuhl Seminar 01391: Specification and Analysis of Secure ...
    ...Abstract: We consider several notions of anonymity and privacy and develop uniform, for-. mal definitions of what it means for a communication protocol to ...



  • A Capability-based Privacy-preserving Scheme for Pervasive ...
    ...This provides complete anonymity and privacy to. Alice. Since the service provider receives PK. U. , Alice can still be. tracked with her PK ...



  • The Biological and Evolutionary Logic of Human Cooperation
    ...relatedness, anonymity and privacy. Human cooperation is modulated both consciously and subconsciously. Hu-. man brains are obviously capable of adjusting ...



  • STATEMENT OF ETHICAL PRACTICE FOR THE BRITISH SOCIOLOGICAL ...
    ...34) The anonymity and privacy of those who participate in the research process should be. respected. Personal information concerning research participants ...



  • Anonymous Companion Agents for Autonomous Partner Selection
    ...Anonymity and Privacy. A person is anonymous to all agents and the agents are anonymous to the other people in the. system until the final stage of exchange ...



  • F U I C M S D L. B & J E. C I Rights management systems and laws ...
    ...repeating that anonymity and privacy are concerns not only of fair users, ... Fashioning anonymity and privacy protections for readers in the era of digital ...



  • BFA Handout
    ...Whether you prefer anonymity and privacy or welcome publicity. and media attention, OVS advocates will support you in your choices. We can help ...



  • Formalizing Anonymity - A Review
    ...Switzerland, 15 February 1987. First edition. JAP. Jap – anonymity and privacy. http://anon.inf.tu-dresden.de/ · index_en.html, 2004. JAP Ruling, 2004. ...



  • Cryptography from Anonymity
    ...anonymity and privacy is analogous to the relation between unpredictability and indistinguishability: while. the former notions of security might be ...



  • AN EVALUATION OF COMPUTER- ASSISTED SELF-INTERVIEWS IN A SCHOOL ...



  • Detailed Design: Anonymous Reputation Management for File Sharing ...
    ...user's anonymity and privacy. We do this in an example case of a file sharing system, for. which a Reputation Management System is developed. ...



  • Microsoft PowerPoint - VANET2006.ppt
    ...scalable. bandwidth efficient. street topology independent. anonymity and privacy aware. using VANETs equipped with off the shelf WLAN 802.11b ...



  • NETA Area 65 Group Archives Information and Suggested Guidelines
    ...Donated letters can have special anonymity and privacy concerns depending on the wishes. of the donor. Correspondence should not be photocopied. ...



  • PowerPoint Presentation



  • Anna Lysyanskaya
    ...Cryptography (especially anonymity and privacy, secure multi-party computation, Byzantine agreement,. cryptographic primitives), Computer Security, ...



  • Microsoft PowerPoint - CodeMeter Get CodeMetered.ppt
    ...Anonymity and privacy. • Backup of licences and usage credits ... The CM-Stick guarantees anonymity and privacy of the user. The licence is bonded to the ...



  • WHY USE A PRINT SERVER?
    ...group operates, an estore containing online anonymity and privacy tools, and. cyclope-series.com, a portal containing enterprise monitoring solutions. ...



  • Code of Practice on Research Ethics
    ...The researcher should explain how confidentiality, anonymity and privacy shall be. maintained. 4.8. The Research Ethics Approval Form should be forwarded to ...



  • From Hippocrates to facsimile



  • CASE STUDY - PERRY TOWNSHIP POLICE DEPARTMENT



  • PowerPoint Presentation
    ...wish for anonymity and privacy. mobility: challenge to traditional classroom model. learning over time: how can we record, organise ...



  • Virtual Civic Space: the Internet and Civil Society
    ...Impact of e-commence on anonymity and privacy. The Internet’s libertarian characteristics are a product of the network's technological. architecture. ...



  • CIC Library Information Technology Directors (aka Automation ...
    ...Others concerned about anonymity and privacy. and have maintained unauthenticated access. Portals and databases:. UIC has several portals (institutional ...



  • Eyes on the Road: Intelligent Transportation Systems and Your Privacy
    ...anonymity and privacy, while still achieving the desired goals. Take for. example an electronic toll payment system which offers “absolute privacy” ...



  • Exploiting social networks for Internet search
    ...No HTTPS indexed. • Allowed users to turn off indexing and purge pages. • Search queries not recorded. • Need ways to ensure anonymity and privacy ...



  • NRC-IIT Publications ITI-CNRC | Review of Network-Based Approaches ...
    ...offer some possibilities for providing anonymity and privacy, most of them are vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks. We introduce the general methods of ...



  • FIDIS
    ...Novak et al. 1999). Issues placed centre stage include, for example, the implication of. anonymity and privacy in the context of health information. ...



  • On Secure and Pseudonymous Client-Relationships with Multiple Servers
    ...Anonymity and privacy on. the internet. http:www.stack.nlgalactus. remailersindex.html . GGMM97. E. Gabber, P.B. Gibbons, Y. Matias,. A. Mayer ...



  • 4. V I
    ...That is because the anonymity and privacy of the ballot—crit-. ical ingredients of the election system’s integrity—are most easily ...



  • Microsoft PowerPoint - security-8
    ...Anonymity and Privacy. • Anonymity protects privacy by obstructing. amalgamation of individual records. • It is important, because amalgamation poses 3 ...



  • Warsaw, December 21 , 2006 Biography Krzysztof Szczypiorski
    ...anonymity and privacy in virtual society. Since 1993 Krzysztof Szczypiorski has been working as a telecommunications specialist and since 1996 ...



  • NOTES Anonymity and International Law Enforcement in Cyberspace
    ...fications stemming from anonymity and privacy issues in cyberspace state of anonymity and privacy technology on the Internet, and offers links to ...



  • Dr. Latanya Sweeney, Curriculum Vitae
    ...How to Really get Anonymity and Privacy in Data. Half-day tutorial for professionals. 1999 American Medial Informatics Association, Annual meeting. ...



  • Abstract Submission to Ethical Surveillance Workshop
    ...transform understandings of identity, anonymity, and privacy. Other related areas of interest which. inform my research include: security and border policy, ...



  • DIGITAL SIGNATURES: WILL GOVERNMENT REGISTRATION OF USERS MEAN ...
    ...and that legislation needs to be drafted to protect and secure the rights of. anonymity and privacy on the Internet for the future. ...



  • Appendix 1 Research paper on Ecash, a secure anonymous payment system
    ...anonymity and privacy. 2.Characteristics and context of electronic payment systems. We will describe some of the basic characteristics of electronic payment ...



  • A PROPOSED RESEARCH ETHICS CODE OF CONDUCT FOR EDGE HILL
    ...5.1 The anonymity and privacy of research participants should be. respected and personal information relating to participants should be ...



  • Statement of Ethical Practice
    ...[a] The anonymity and privacy of those who. participate in the research process should be. respected. Personal information concerning ...



  • PRIVATE AND ANONYMOUS AUTHENTICATION IN MOBILE NETWORKS
    ...Anonymity and privacy is a major area of research in the mobile networks environment. This is. due to the typical features of such a network, which provides ...



  • Testimony of Daniel P. Tokaji
    ...That is because the anonymity and privacy of the ballot – crucial ingredients of the election system’s. integrity – are most easily compromised when voters ...



  • Applied Semantics: Specifying and Developing Abstractions for ...
    ...at systems for anonymity and privacy [12] and policy- and role-based access control, the latter with a. substantial case study based on the NHS National ...



  • Statement of Ethical Practice
    ...34) The anonymity and privacy of those who participate in the research process should be respected. Personal information concerning research participants ...



  • Joinson 313..319



  • Untitled
    ...3.3 Future directions – identity, anonymity and privacy. Baycorp Advantage supports continued vigorous public policy debate of the issues ...



  • Collecting behavioural data using the world wide web ...



  • Harvard Journal of Law and Technology Fall, 2001 Article *41 FAIR ...
    ...In addition, it is worth repeating that anonymity and privacy are concerns not only of fair ... Fashioning anonymity and privacy protections for ...



  • ISA CODE OF ETHICS Approved by the ISA Executive Committee, Fall ...
    ...The security, anonymity and privacy of research subjects and informants should be. respected rigourously, in both quantitative and qualitative research. ...



  • Ethical Procedure for Questionnaires, Surveys and Focus Groups ...
    ...The researcher must provide an assurance of anonymity and privacy,. unless necessary for the research in which case the participant must give ...



  • Risk and Data Security
    ...Anonymity and Privacy. Ad-Hoc Networking. Integration of User Devices. Privacy and CRM. Auditability. Integration of Complex Apps ...



  • Ãœbung 8 – Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion 2 Exercise 8: Context ...
    ...e.g. different social groups, anonymity, and privacy level. This guideline can also be considered. in relation to User control (GL 7) and Information ...



  • The eBrand
    ...Detection, anonymity and privacy. 114. Chapter 8. Case Studies. 119. Summary. 119. Introduction. 119. Branding the online pharmacy: Allcures.com ...



  • Virtual rules and Internet law
    ...software may be developed for protecting anonymity and privacy. Finally, the law itself can impose certain virtual rules, for example, by for- ...



  • 1 Policy Implications of Copyright Infringement Detection Systems
    ...consumer anonymity and privacy promised by copy detection systems, accurate distribution of revenues. requires a central authority to be in charge. Netanel ...



  • Security Issues in a CDPD Wireless Network
    ...Supports anonymity and privacy of data. • Requires fewer transmissions than current protocol. Cons. • Key management. - H must maintain secret keys for each ...



  • Department of Computer Science, University of Otago
    ...method of preserving anonymity and privacy of personal information is a key influ-. ence on Homage and thirdly, we find an interesting direction in the ...



  • Seeking alcohol information on the Internet Adam N. Joinson Phil ...
    ...of anonymity and privacy is needed to identify the exact nature and causes of these. interactions. A note of caution must be sounded in the interpretation ...



  • 42 CFR Ch. IV (10–1–02 Edition) § 488.331
    ...plainant’s anonymity and privacy, if. possible. (3) If arrangements have been made. with other State components for inves- ...



  • 42 CFR Ch. IV (10–1–03 Edition) § 488.331
    ...plainant’s anonymity and privacy, if. possible. VerDate jul<14>2003 13:27 Oct 14, 2003 Jkt 200174 PO 00000 Frm 00914 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\200174T. ...



  • 1.2 Privacy issues



  • Cedar Crest College
    ...g. the precautions taken to provide anonymity and privacy. h. data destruction timeframes and data protection procedures (Policy requires that raw ...



  • UNIVERSAL RE-ENCRYPTION OF SIGNATURES AND CONTROLLING ANONYMOUS ...
    ...So anonymity and privacy protection. on one side and protection against such phenomena as spam are so. far contradictory goals. ...



  • Strategic Implications of Network Identity
    ...Enables customers to access advertised services in anonymity and privacy without having to endure. unwanted solicitation of services. ...



  • Microsoft PowerPoint - VRD2004
    ...... a multidisciplinary team of. researchers will focus on questions relating to the preservation. of anonymity and privacy in an information economy. ...



  • e-Learning: The Virtual AG ED Model Classroom Matthew T. Portillo ...
    ...Email provides as visible record of an exchange of ideas, anonymity and privacy. ?? Increases instructor availability and extended class discussions. ...



  • Final exam
    ...Software Checking. •. Safety. •. Intrusion detection and tolerance. •. Network security. •. Anonymity and privacy. •. System failures.



  • Renovations: Re-envisioning, Re-Creating, and Reclaiming the WRC ...
    ...the anonymity and privacy necessary to the WRC. -. a new name that reflects the Center’s purpose – to. provide safety, community, and information not just ...



  • IT Security in Geoinformation Systems
    ...In all application scenarios above, anonymity and privacy of the user is essential. Obviously,. no parent would be comfortable with the thought that other ...



  • PRIVACY: THE DELICATE ENTANGLEMENT OF SELF AND OTHER
    ...information on a mass scale, thus destroying both anonymity and privacy. For. instance, Henry James’ notes about The Bostonians fulminate against “the ...



  • Development of a Secure Electronic Marketplace for Europe
    ...The aspects of customer anonymity and privacy are not sufficiently considered. yet. Neither are the requirements completely clear, nor are the technologies ...



  • Chains of Commitment Software Architecture
    ...may be applied to guarantee statistical anonymity and privacy of otherwise. sensitive corporate data. This article discusses the application of a particular ...



  • TIP #6 APRIL 2006 SNOWBALL TOSS
    ...The snowball toss safeguards the anonymity and privacy of the participant. (I do not tell. the participants that they will need to personally share their ...



  • Page 1 The First Announcement and Call for Papers The Third ...
    ...Anonymity and privacy. - Authentication and authorization. - Access control. - Computer and network forensics. - Data and application security ...



  • A Privacy Preserving Digital Rights Management Using Oblivious ...
    ...various methods to realize anonymity and privacy. For. instance, Park et al. and Grimm et al. use a temporal. user id (or called a pseudonymous consumer id) ...



  • A Framework for Receipt Issuing, Contendable Remote Poll-Site Voting
    ...voter anonymity and privacy. The core concentration of our work is the design of a mechanism. in which a voter can be given a receipt to acknowledge his ...



  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
    ...[1] Anonymity and privacy in electronic services: Technologies. https:. //www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.ac.be/apes/. [2] The jxta homepage. http://www.jxta.org/. ...



  • Microsoft PowerPoint - CD
    ...Cons : anonymity and privacy of users. Questions to ponder over. The current models are based on a. strict client-server model for a Web-. based world ...



  • Educational Research
    ...Protecting anonymity and privacy. • Not deceiving subjects. • Informed consent. • Does pursuit of science justify this? • What’s public and what’s private ...



  • Expanding Discrimination Research: Moving Beyond Ethnicity and to ...
    ...We believed that the greater anonymity and privacy of the Web, compared to. the telephone, would induce comfort with reporting infrequently investigated ...



  • Friend Or Foe: Understanding The Hacking Consciousness
    ...Anonymity and Privacy is a very important issue online. The fear of data-theft as well as the. sale of collected personal information to major marketing ...



  • Why OffShore?
    ...anonymity and privacy. · Panama Private Interest Foundations allow for Private Protectorate Documents and. Private Letters of Wishes, enabling controllers ...



  • Perspective



  • SCHOOL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCES
    ...[a] The anonymity and privacy of those who participate in the research process should be. respected. Personal information concerning research participants ...



  • Investigations into the Impact of Key Exchange Mechanisms for ...
    ...with respect to anonymity and privacy. With added security threats because of the open nature of the underlying. IP network, the functional VoIP security ...



  • The eHealth Market in Italy and Spain: Key Trends in Physician ...
    ...Hesitation among physicians to participate stems from concerns about anonymity and privacy while. online. These concerns, however, are frequently ...



  • The University of Newcastle, Australia Faculty of Business and Law ...
    ...list specify the process you undertook to ensure confidentiality, anonymity and privacy. Participation is entirely voluntary. You can withdraw at any time ...



  • Mini-Porn Could Be Mega-Business
    ...Proponents argue that the anonymity and privacy offered by a mobile gadget could be a major selling point. Sex columnist Regina Lynn, who writes for ...



  • REVIEW OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION: HUMAN-TO- HUMAN ...
    ...hate speech, pornography, and hacking, while chapter 13 discusses anonymity and privacy online. Both. chapters provide informative overviews of the key ...



  • RFID SECURITY THREAT MODEL
    ...potential to reduce purchase anonymity and privacy advocates are worried about disclosing such. information. Certain privacy issues did arise when Gillette ...



  • Microsoft PowerPoint - 25_04_06 - Generations and Topologies.ppt
    ...Focus on anonymity and privacy. Content is transferred in chunks over the signaling network. Gnunet. Page 36. 36. First and Second Generation of ...



  • Analysis and Design of an Online “Discreet” Vickrey Auction Protocol
    ...Figure 2: Various Scenarios for Anonymity and Privacy. verifiable in some way (for prevention of fraudulent practices). However, as indicated ...



  • OPEN ACCESS, LAW, KNOWLEDGE, COPYRIGHTS, DOMINANCE AND SUBORDINATION
    ...copyrights, domain names, anonymity and privacy have been rooted to some. extent in purveyors, consumers or putative opponents of pornography. Despite ...



  • User Requirements and the Semantic Fan
    ...Anonymity and privacy were highlighted as areas of concern. The illusion of. Anonymity is a fundamental part of the fan fiction community and as previously ...



  • WEB BASED SEMANTIC COMMUNITIES – WHO, HOW AND WHY WE MIGHT WANT ...
    ...Anonymity and privacy were highlighted as areas of concern. The illusion of Anonymity is a. fundamental part of the fan fiction community and as previously ...



  • September 21, 2005 Facsimile and Regular Mail Senator Pat Roberts ...
    ...speech for which anonymity and privacy are essential. H.R. 3199 and S. 1389 recognize some of these problems in varying ways. We believe S. ...



  • Defining the Line Between the Public’s Right to Know and the ...
    ...know the truth and an individual’s claim to anonymity and privacy. Those decisions are grounded in. ethical decision-making tools that may include a formal ...



  • Section 12 Guidelines for CoDA Communications
    ...I respect the personal integrity, anonymity, and privacy of each member, and I expect. and deserve the same. • I maintain civility and decorum in my ...



  • In order to understand family violence in a rural context, it is ...
    ...seek information and advice while maintaining a sense of anonymity and privacy. It. would help to overcome some of the obstacles created by inadequate ...



  • What Larry Doesn’t Get: Fair Information Practices and the ...
    ...based technique that undermines anonymity and privacy, rejects Katz and is contrary. to the spirit of the Olmstead dissent? The short answer is that he ...



  • PRIVACY & DATA LEGAL REPORTER ALM LAW LETTER NEWSLETTERS Internet ...
    ...The point here, in both the civil and. criminal contexts, is that an Internet user’s. illusion of anonymity and privacy may be. easily shattered. ...



  • Trust Services: A Trust Infrastructure for E-Commerce
    ...Anonymity and privacy are also more and more important for auctions, exchanges and e-. marketplaces where the identity and credentials of market ...



  • Theory and Policy in Online Privacy



  • Keon Ready Implementation Guide
    ...Anonymity and privacy are protected. through Diversinet's patented technology. A. revolutionary approach to using digital certificates ...



  • Share the Secret: Enabling Location Privacy in Ubiquitous Environments
    ...mechanism that enables the anonymity and privacy of location information. Subsequently, in Section 5, we discuss the procedures followed by the entities of ...



  • In Re: Verizon Internet Services, Inc.



  • UNDERSTANDING CULTURES, AND IFLA’S FREEDOM OF ACCESS TO ...
    ...anonymity and privacy of use, and facing up to the problems of freedom of expression. all stem naturally from this vision. It offers an approach that avoids ...



  • Analysis of an Electronic Voting Protocol in the Applied Pi Calculus
    ...Anonymity and privacy properties have been successfully stud-. ied using equivalences. However, the definition of privacy in the context of voting pro- ...



  • Verifying Properties of Electronic Voting Protocols
    ...Anonymity and privacy properties have been. successfully studied using equivalences. However, the. definition of privacy in the context of voting protocols ...
    ...Apr 06: Anonymity and Privacy. Apr 11: Spamming and Phishing. Identity theft. Apr 13: Side-channel attacks. Timing attacks. ...



  • Annual Report 2005
    ...created to protect the anonymity and privacy of. whistleblowers and to shield them from any. negative consequences. Benesse has also ...



  • Broadband technologies transforming business models and ...
    ...User anonymity and privacy is very important. Internet technology is interesting in the. sense that it is possible to hide very much of ones identity. ...



  • NRHC 2003 handbook - Infront Outback paper
    ...relevant for rural practitioners, where anonymity and privacy are frequently. compromised, and respond sensitively to these issues. ...



  • CS 393 – Network Security
    ...Message flow confidentiality. Anonymity. (Last two will be addressed a couple of weeks. later under the title of anonymity and privacy.) ...



  • 20 year cases 9.xls
    ...coded for their anonymity and privacy. This is a set of. 30 clients. I taught personally in small groups of 3-5. What happened to them? The outcome ...



  • P2P Security
    ...Finally, the users themselves can be the subject of attack if an adversary goes after anonymity and privacy protections. Camp (2003) offers an operational ...



  • Front pages-JS
    ...6.1.2.8 How anonymity and privacy will be safeguarded. 6.1.2.9 Financial implications, if any. 6.1.3. The authorities of an institution must be given the ...



  • Repudiative Information Retrieval
    ...anonymity and privacy. In Proceedings of Workshop. on Issues in the Theory of Security (WITS ’02),. January 2002. [16] Vitaly Shmatikov. ...



  • Joint issue withActive Data Protection with Data Journals
    ...JAP Anonymity and Privacy Proxy. http://anon.inf.tu-dresden.de/. [L. +. ] Yves Lafon et al. Jigsaw Webserver. http://www.w3c.org/Jigsaw. ...



  • Collaborative Information Filtering: a review and an educational ...
    ...User anonymity and privacy. Not surprisingly, privacy is a big concern for users of collaborative filtering systems. This is. especially true in educational ...



  • Internet Survey text
    ...activities, respects the anonymity and privacy. often regarded as an important benefit of online. activity. However, when a public health ...



  • I nvestigation of Third Party Rights Service and Shibboleth ...
    ...anonymity and privacy. The reconciliation between the requirements of Patriot act, state library laws and. library policies should be determined, ...



  • Technology Resource Guidelines
    ...Maintain individual anonymity and privacy. Do not reveal personal addresses. or phone numbers. 4. Use school equipment appropriately. ...



  • [Recent Case Description]
    ...low cost, wide audience, anonymity, and privacy probably could not be achieved as easily without. a peer-to-peer system. ...



  • Efficient anonymity schemes for clustered wireless sensor networks ...



  • Colorado Technical University
    ...and grades, it is important to preserve the anonymity and privacy of each student. The. problem: How do we publish the amount of gold coins earned and still ...



  • Colorado Technical University
    ...contributors, anonymity and privacy is lost. It is possible that we could do it if we. included a random number of gold coin values for generic participants ...



  • Making two plus two equal five
    ...without compromising the anonymity and privacy. of the respondent. Government departments have been data. matching for some time in countries including ...



  • The Wallpaper v1 issue2 Feb2004
    ...tive cloaks of anonymity and privacy, even as it argu-. ably increases our conveniences. People always have mixed feelings about public sur-. veillance. ...



  • ANYQUESTIONS.CO.NZ – ONLINE HELP FOR SCHOOL STUDENTS Michaela O ...
    ...Maintains anonymity and privacy of customers. • Is accessible via all NZ public library and school library websites who wish to display ...



  • A Framework for Enabling an Internet Learning Community



  • Assignment 1 – Ethics and Client/Professional Relationship
    ...maintain the anonymity and privacy of the users of the site. 3.3 Security issues. Security issues are related to privacy issues - if either has not been ...



  • M2 Myk Lhead



  • Canadian Sexual Health Site Awarded Top Five Honour at UN Summit ...
    ...The Internet, offering users anonymity and privacy, has proven an extremely effective. and popular medium for promoting sexual health – so far this year, ...



  • System Support for Location-dependent Applications over Indoor ...
    ...Anonymity and privacy are useful features in some applications. There are services in the. system that users would want to use without anyone knowing their ...



  • Peer-To-Peer Network Architecture
    ...3.1.6 Anonymity and privacy 12. 3.1.7 Enhanced dynamics 14. 3.1.8 Ad-hoc communication and collaboration 15. 3.2 Limitations of P2P Networks 15 ...



  • Case Study: Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC)
    ...cover issues such as anonymity and privacy in consumer, travel, geographic location,. financial, internet, and telecommunications matters. ...



  • Identifying effectiveness criteria for Internet payment systems



  • Norms, Laws and the Internet
    ...software may be developed for protecting anonymity and privacy. 7. This is expressed by the legal saying “ad impossibilia nemo tenetur”. ...



  • Cashing up with mobile Money The fairCASH way
    ...fairCASH offers both perfect anonymity and privacy (non-observable and not interlinked). iv. Efficiency, profits and real convergence without media ...



  • Author Guidelines for 8
    ...fairCASH offers both anonymity and privacy. (non-observable and not interlinked). • Efficiency, profits and real convergence without ...



  • Openwave Location Studio
    ...Support anonymity and privacy for internet-based community and gaming services. • No network resources are consumed (e.g. location attempt) if the ...



  • America Connects Consortium Training Curriculum Development ...
    ...Coordinators emphasized that anonymity and privacy are important to. users. The CTC must communicate effectively how it protects its. clients’ privacy ...



  • Probabilistic Anonymity via Coalgebraic Simulations
    ...There is a growing concern on anonymity and privacy on the Internet, ... Information hiding, anonymity and privacy: A modular ap-. proach. ...



  • Probabilistic Escrow of Financial Transactions with Cumulative ...
    ...the pre-specified threshold T enjoys provable anonymity and privacy. In par-. ticular, a malicious escrow agency cannot feasibly open the escrowed trans- ...



  • KP { A Family of Secure Electronic Payment Protocols
    ...Adding anonymity and privacy to all payments is a major. change in \payment culture" and only after the deployment of. i. KP-like systems, it will be ...



  • IT-Security Vorlesung SoSem03



  • OUR CODE OF CONDUCT
    ...nurse ensures that anonymity and privacy of the patient / client are protected, and that the. information is obtained by consent. ...
    ...ideas, two dimensional voting, anonymity and privacy,. meeting preparation and protocol, etc. have been worked. out. The application of the principle of ...



  • G E N I A Clean-Slate Design for the Next-Generation Secure Internet
    ...effect on legitimate anonymity and privacy, and hence on free speech. Where should the boundary be drawn? All participants were requested to submit white ...



  • A Generic Anonymization Framework for Network Traffic
    ...anonymity and privacy to users of these infrastructures. 3 The Anonymization Application Program-. ming Interface. The need for anonymization policies may ...



  • Comparison between two practical mix designs
    ...also partially supported by the IWT STWW project on Anonymity and Privacy. in Electronic Services (APES), and by the Concerted Research Action (GOA) ...



  • IFLA/UNESCO Internet Manifesto Guidelines
    ...seeking choices is hampered by their inability to protect their anonymity and privacy. Undoubtedly, attitudes to privacy vary greatly in different societies ...



  • C:\Documents and Settings\Jerry_Mooney\Legal\FreeSpeech\Ut CPR ...
    ...maintain their anonymity and privacy in order to avoid the chilling effect which might. accompany public exposure, whether those chilling effects result ...



  • Professor David C. Parkes
    ...mining while protecting user anonymity and privacy. Licensed to Herz Technologies, Inc. Location Enhanced Information Delivery Architecture, co-authored ...



  • Abstracts List of Electronic Cash Papers Collected
    ...anonymity and privacy), there may be cases which require ``unblinding'' of a signature by the signing authority itself (to ...



  • Privacy vs. Personalization: Part III
    ...Require anonymity and privacy protection up to your standards in any contract. you sign. If a content, promotions or service partner wants to collect ...



  • Archives
    ...protect the anonymity and privacy of our members, as well as non­. members, when material of a personal nature is involved, as well as ...



  • THE USE OF BLACKBOARD FOR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN NUMERACY AND ...
    ...undertaken with total anonymity and privacy. RESULTS FROM MORE DETAILED FEEDBACK (see APPEDNIX C). Forty three students responded to the feedback. ...



  • Egregious use of Tor servers?
    ...Data retention, anonymity and privacy online. Auteur: F.W.J. van Geelkerken. © 2007 Rechtenforum. Page 2. Table of contents. Page:. Chapter 1 Introduction ...



  • NetCents: A Lightweight Protocol for Secure Micropayments



  • Untraceability of Mobile Agents
    ...[11] Anonymity and privacy on the internet. Website. http://www.stack.nl/. ˜galactus/remailers/. [12] David Chaum. The dining cryptographers problem: ...



  • IJCLP Issue 3 Summer 1999
    ...equalize in a legal point of view anonymity and privacy. If anonymity could be see as a part of. the scope of privacy, to convert privacy in a mere ...



  • NEW ZEALAND POST PROCESS MANAGEMENT AWARD 2005
    ...Maintains anonymity and privacy of customers. • Is fun and educational, easy and accessible, helpful and reliable, safe and. credible, cool and relevant. ...



  • Ana Viseu, Andrew Clement, Jane Aspinall & Tracy L. M. Kennedy
    ...To protect their anonymity and privacy, we use pseudonyms. throughout. The participant pool is rich in experience – from professionals ...



  • User Assisted Verification of Security Properties
    ...ing Anonymity and Privacy, in ‘Work-. shop on Issues in the Theory of Security. (WITS)’. Shmatikov, V. & Mitchell, J. (2000), Anal- ...



  • LEGAL ISSUES IN ACQUIRING IN.ORMATION ABOUT ILLEGAL BEHAVIOUR ...



  • ELDERLY WOMEN AND FEAR OF VIOLENT GRIME: THE LEAST LIKELY VICTIMS?



  • File reputation in decentralized P2P reputation management
    ...However, anonymity and privacy of the peer are threatened if. the reputation system needs to collect too much information. in order to uniquely identify the ...



  • Trafficking and Information and Communication Technologies ...
    ...As such, we must be careful not to call for the limitation on anonymity and privacy. on-line, particularly as it is the very right that enables much of the ...



  • A Signal Processing Perspective to Stepping-stone Detection
    ...anonymity and privacy in wired networks, various techniques. have been developed to help the network users to maintain ...



  • 47 Million Computers Are Transformed Into Bots - IT Observer
    ...Apr 26, 2006, 13:29 EST. Anonymity and Privacy in · Electronic Services. Apr 26, 2006, 13:17 EST. Microsoft Vista's Endless Security ...



  • Revisiting Oblivious Signature-Based Envelopes
    ...This prompts the need for various anonymity- and privacy-enhancing techniques, e.g., group. signatures, anonymous e-cash and secret handshakes. ...



  • Legal aspects of agent technology
    ...Notions such as anonymity and privacy acquire new meanings in the digital world. New concepts such. as pseudo-anonymity emerge. ...



  • Guidelines For Research
    ...[a] The anonymity and privacy of those who participate. in the research process should be respected. Personal. information concerning research participants ...



  • Design for All: Strategies and experiences of user involvement in ...
    ...Evidently, the latter approach involves some ethical issues regarding anonymity and privacy of. the individual test users. This was overcome by signing an ...



  • Implementation and Security Analysis of the Infranet Anti ...
    ...systems invariably tended to focus on user anonymity and privacy. However, these two problems are. intractably linked to censorship and this early work ...



  • Cashing up with mobile Money – The FairCASH way
    ...FairCASH offers both perfect anonymity and privacy (non-observable and not interlinked). iv. Efficiency, profits and real convergence without media ...



  • NCLB SCHOOL PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY REPORT
    ...Note: In order to maintain the anonymity and privacy of students, proficiency data is not displayed for values <=5% and >=95%. For questions ...



  • A02P: AD HOC ON-DEMAND POSITION BASED PRIVATE ROUTING PROTOCOL ...
    ...3.5 Communication Anonymity and Privacy. Enhancement. In A02P, the identities for the two ends (source and. destination) of a communication are anonymous to ...



  • JANUS: Towards Robust and Malicious Resilient Routing in Hybrid ...
    ...the anonymity and privacy of mobile hosts in a network covered by. several access points. The problem of defining compelling methods to make nodes par- ...



  • Deniable Authenticated Key Establishment for Internet Protocols
    ...phisticated anonymity and privacy properties offered at the application layer can. often be undermined by inappropriately designed lower layer protocols. ...



  • Full Scale Validation of the Predicted Response of Tall Buildings ...
    ...... spent in establishing relationships with the building. owners to allow access to the buildings, their anonymity and privacy of the data must be assured ...



  • Chumir Ethics Forum
    ...titled “on identity, anonymity and privacy.” The project. includes collaborators from academia, public and pri-. vate sector organizations. ...



  • Abstract The Anonymous Communication Gemstone Team at the ...
    ...regarded anonymity and privacy, as well as their attitudes in regards to an anony- ... line anonymity and privacy. The results of the survey indicate that ...



  • Ring’s “Omega Project” Revisited: Antecedents and Consequents of ...
    ...After classification and after coding to protect anonymity and privacy, the. participants completed the seven inventories. The first author scored the ...



  • Security Analysis of Micro-Payment Systems
    ...According to EU directives, micro-payment systems have to provide amongst other things anonymity and privacy for every. single transaction. ...



  • Hacking the body: code, performance and corporeality



  • NRC-IIT Publications ITI-CNRC | Investigation of Network-based ...
    ...possibilities for providing the anonymity and privacy, they do not answer all of the requirements for agent-based. systems. For instance, many of these ...



  • KMDiary Issue #3
    ...anonymity and privacy in an information economy”. (1) http://www.anonequity.org/concealedI/. (2) http://www.commonlaw.uottawa.ca/tech. =================== ...



  • Effectiveness Criteria for Internet Payment System
    ...Very often anonymity and privacy are treated as identical. There is no doubt that anonymous. payment can provide a perfect solution for consumer privacy, ...



  • Statistical Approaches for Small Numbers: Addressing Reliability ...
    ...might lead to violation of individuals’ right to anonymity and privacy with respect to. attributes that are typically stigmatized. ...



  • Trusted Computing & Pseudonymity : An Introduction and Survey
    ...away our anonymity and privacy (since the EK is unique). Another solution is to use a Trusted Third Party (TTP). However, this is also not the best solution ...



  • Probabilistic Analysis of Network Anonymity using PRISM
    ...[5] C. Diaz, Anonymity and privacy in electronic services, PhD thesis, Katholieke Universiteit. Leuven, December 2005. [6] R. Dingledine, N. Mathewson, ...



  • V2V and V2I Communication - Slides - W. Holfelder.ppt
    ...Introduced the use of randomized MAC address for anonymity and privacy. • Identified ad-hoc trust or ad-hoc security problem for vehicular safety ...



  • Certificate-Based Authentication



  • A PREPARATION PROGRAMME FOR LEARNERS OF THE DIPLOMA IN MEDICAL AND ...
    ...Confidentiality, anonymity and privacy were maintained, as the names of the. subjects were not linked to any biographical data or results. ...



  • The Paper Industry: Strategic Alliances, Joint Ventures, and ...
    ...anonymity and privacy, as well. as highlight PaperExchange.com’s. independence and neutrality. PaperExchange.com currently. offers credit clearing services ...



  • ETHICS HANDBOOK
    ...insure confidentiality, anonymity and privacy. For example, work involving very small samples. or elite participants may create risks that specific ...



  • Computer Ethics: Basic Concepts and Historical Overview
    ...anonymity and privacy on the internet can be helpful in preserving human values. such as security, mental health, self-fulfillment and peace of mind. ...



  • Other-Regarding Preferences: Egalitarian Warm Glow, Empathy, and ...
    ...name, Social Security number or any other personal information with your choices or money. earnings. Thus, absolute anonymity and privacy will be ensured. ...



  • Where Everybody Knows Your Name… Balancing Community, Commerce ...
    ...of an excess of anonymity and privacy. In his small town, said Barlow, everyone. knew everything, and it worked just fine. A small-scale riot almost broke ...



  • Future of Identity in the Information Society Summary
    ...which cases and under what circumstances anonymity (and privacy) should be limited second scenario with infrastructural anonymity and privacy enhancing ...



  • Supporting Group Collaboration in Digital Libraries - Robertson ...
    ...anonymity and privacy? How can a user share information but control the level of revelation? 5. How could past user-intermediary and user-user interactions ...



  • APPENDIX 3
    ...Mechanisms for ensuring confidentiality, anonymity and privacy,. identified limitations, data access, storage, and disposal. • Data collection, analysis and ...



  • ARTICLE



  • Introduction to Software Security
    ...Often, technology that severely degrades anonymity and privacy turns. out to be useful for law enforcement. The FBI’s notorious Carnivore system ...



  • Some Doubts About Measuring Self-Interest Using Dictator ...
    ...Anonymity and privacy were conjectured to allow self-interest free reign. To insure ... Anonymity and privacy seem to be purchased, not ...



  • IMIS DECEMBER 04 (Page 1)
    ...of anonymity and privacy in cyberspace. Cybersafety education that fosters safe. and responsible use must begin at the. pre-school level. ...



  • FOIP Frequently Asked Questions for School Jurisdictions
    ...such a way as to ensure anonymity and privacy of other students. 46. Can parents receive information on the performance of a school? ...



  • ASSEMBLY BILL No. 2818
    ...safety, dignity, anonymity, and privacy of study participants,. consistent with the highest standards of scientific studies that. utilize human subjects. ...



  • COMPUTING SCIENCE
    ...Information hiding, anonymity and privacy: A. modular approach. Journal of Computer Security, 12(1):3–36, 2002. 13. L. Mazare. ...



  • Code of Ethics& GoodPractice
    ...The protection of anonymity and privacy must be. of central concern. c) It is especially important that a counsellor seeks informed consent from a ...



  • There are three different conceptions of access to knowledge that ...
    ...regarding content-based restrictions, copyrights, domain names, anonymity and privacy. have been rooted to some extent in purveyors, consumers or putative ...



  • Fair Use Infrastructure



  • How Can Telehomecare Support Informal Care? Examining What is ...
    ...Conversely, other ICGs thought that telehomecare interventions would reduce their anonymity and privacy. In one study that examined the receptiveness of a ...



  • Motivations for Augmented Reality Gaming
    ...anonymity and privacy in AR. 8. References. [1] Milgram, P., Kishino, F, 1994. Augmented Reality: A. Class of Displays on the Reality-virtuality Continuum. ...



  • No Title
    ...anonymity and privacy are generally seen as deciding. technical and interpersonal quality, waiting time,. areas (Dymtraczenko 1997). ...



  • Herefordshire Community Youth Service
    ...Anonymity and privacy for those. who are oppressed by family and. local community life. Area youth work team in rural areas. ...



  • Secure Communications over Open Networks
    ...Anonymity and Privacy. • Within the next few years it’ll be safe to. assume that everything you do on the. web will be watched ...



  • The Efficacy of Internet Voting
    ...Maintains anonymity and privacy. •. Is capable of verifying voters - this includes. authentication and eligibility. •. Insures only valid ballots are ...



  • Consumer-to-Consumer Evaluation Team Training Manual for Consumer ...



  • Endangered Species, Lassoes, and Unmet Promises
    ...Internet where anonymity and privacy were protectable commodities. Likewise, the pressure from ILECs to require treatment of VoIP ...



  • Effective Use of Reputation in Peer-to-Peer Environments
    ...environments, such as anonymity and privacy. However, the accurate calculation of the reputation. metrics may not be sufficient to provide the right ...



  • PERINI
    ...anonymity and privacy. Nonetheless, it was fun. ‘yacht spotting’on screen – ooh look, there’s Kiss the. Sky and Capricorn in Porto Cervo. It’s the ultimate ...



  • Ethics of qualitative research: are there special issues for ...



  • REPORT
    ...capacitywhich runs directlycounter to the users requirement for anonymity and privacy. Very much. faster data transmission rates to ordinary homes are also ...



  • KINSEY spring 99
    ...feel a sense of anonymity and privacy. regarding personal issues,” says Jennifer. Bass, a Kinsey Institute research associate. and health educator. ...



  • Alternative Research Techniques
    ...Anonymity and privacy encourage more candid. and honest responses. When an interviewer is. present, people may not disclose their true feelings ...



  • NHRC’s Plan of Action to Prevent and End Trafficking in Women and ...
    ...All efforts should be made to ensure anonymity and privacy of the victims. during and after rescue. Rehabilitation and Reintegration ...



  • Specification of Payment Requirements for Business Collaborations
    ...anonymity and privacy are used. Anonymity pertains to the issue of. whether the actors involved are to be anonymous or not. Privacy is ...



  • RAPPORT TECHNIQUE EVA
    ...Information hiding, anonymity and privacy: A modular ap-. proach. Journal of Computer Security, 12(1):3–36, 2004. [9] Claude Kirchner and Hel`ene Kirchner. ...



  • TOWARDS A STRONGER PEER-TO-PEER ANONYMOUS SYSTEM by ARJUN R ...
    ...the Information Security Lab at UTA since its inception. His research interests include. Network Security, Anonymity and Privacy on the Internet. ...



  • On securing open networks through trust and reputation ...
    ...Anonymity and privacy: users may only be willing to participate if a certain. amount of anonymity is guaranteed. This may vary from no anonymity ...



  • The Costs and Perceived Quality of Care for People Living with HIV ...
    ...In relation to the question of anonymity and privacy, issues of stigmatisation and fear over being. discovered as having HIV/AIDS is a difficult and complex ...



  • *HWWLQJ$)RRW,Q7KH(OHFWURQLF'RRU 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ:K\3HRSOH5HDG RU ...
    ...Finally, others may feel that anonymity and privacy are not important issues. and will participate in any form of electronic communication without concern. ...



  • Hornsby Shire Council



  • Myths and Realities of Online Clinical Work
    ...anonymity and privacy of therapy online make it easier and therefore more likely. that they will access therapy. People who are afraid of being judged, ...



  • Data In P2P Systems
    ...Related to autonomy is the notion of anonymity and privacy. A user may not want anyone or any service provider to know. about his or her involvement in the ...



  • WHAT IS THE BEST ENTITY
    ...issuance of "bearer" shares, allowing for maximum anonymity and privacy. In addition, nominee officers and directors can ...



  • Security Challenges in Self- organizing Wireless Networks
    ...3.3.2 Anonymity and Privacy. Anonymity is to conceal the identity involved in some ... Protection of anonymity and privacy is a fundamental problem in ...



  • Submission on e-democracy in Victoria
    ...Opportunities for anonymity and privacy in cyberspace have generally diminished in. recent years in response to heightened concern about terrorism and crime ...



  • Technical Sessions
    ...26-b - 1 Subscriptionless Mobile Networking: Anonymity and Privacy. Aspects within Ad-hoc Networking. Michael A Schmidt, University of Siegen, Germany ...



  • PASTORAL CARE GUIDELINES FOR CATHOLIC SCHOOLS
    ...anonymity and privacy of the complainants and/or witnesses). •. consider any response from the student or parents before proceeding further ...



  • Integrity of Mobile Agents: A New Approach
    ...tion protocols, anonymity and privacy, security issues of. the agent systems, E/M-voting protocols, electronic pay-. ments, AI and its application in ...



  • DECIDABILITY OF OPACITY WITH NON- ATOMIC KEYS
    ...Information hiding, anonymity and privacy: A. modular approach. Journal of Computer Security, 12(1):3–36. Kirchner, C. and Kirchner, H. (1999). ...



  • Grove v. Northeast Ohio Nephrology Assoc., Inc.
    ...which Pleli’s anonymity and privacy could be preserved, even taking into account. redaction of her personal information. ...



  • Cyber Trust and Crime Prevention: A Synthesis of the State-of-the ...
    ...anonymity and privacy. Effective procedures for the maintenance of knowledge bases will need to be developed to ensure. that, as sharing of knowledge in a ...



  • “ “
    ...anonymity and privacy self-service affords. This joint venture is being looked at closely in central and local government. circles. ...



  • 597-603 04-019281.indd



  • RIVACY MPACT SSESSMENT
    ...user anonymity and privacy protection. Applied in association with FIPs, PETs make it. clear that cost savings and privacy protection need not be opposing ...



  • Suggestion for an alternative of watermarking and digital signatures
    ...encrypted because the patient data itself may be encrypted to ensure the anonymity and privacy of the patient. This is the ...



  • E ffi cient Divisible Voting Scheme



  • Exploring Consumer Adoption of Mobile Payments - a Qualitative Study
    ...Other security factors important for consumer adoption are anonymity and privacy, which. relate to use policies of customers’ personal information and ...



  • Bureau of the Census
    ...to anonymity and privacy issues. Surveys have shown that more people feel they have less time available to do what they need to do, including work, sleep, ...



  • A WIRELESS RENAISSANCE
    ...immediacy, anonymity and privacy of Internet chat, and its usage has grown. greatly in recent years. This type of service – which is essentially a very ...



  •